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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Place and Time
This research was conducted in SMAN 9 Tangerang Selatan located at Jl. Hidup Baru 31 Serua Raya, Ciputat, Kota Tangerang Selatan. It took place for about
four months or during PPKT occurred on March until June 2013.
B. Research Method and Design
This research was conducted to know the cause and effect of the variables. It proposed to answer the question of research formulation about how the independent
variable affects the dependent variable. Thus, the quantitative approach was required in this research and a quasi-experimental research was decided as a method with
Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. A quasi-experimental research is a research that is used to overcome the difficulty in deciding sample.
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A research with this design is used to enable the researcher conducts an experimental research although it
cannot strictly control other variables. The procedure of conducting this design was dividing the participants into
two groups; in this case, the students were chosen and grouped into controlled and experimental class. The students in the experimental class got treatment. They were
given the material by utilizing entertaining Power Point media, while students in controlled class did not.
At the first meeting, pre-test was given to both groups to make sure the students of two groups have relatively the same understanding on Passive Voice. And
then, at the last meeting, the post-test was carried out to the experimental and controlled class. The result of post-test has given the information about the
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Sugiono, Prosedur Penelitian Pendidikan, Bandung: Alfabeta, 2010, p. 114.
understanding of these two classes after being analyzed. To make clear, below is a table to describe the procedure of quasi-experimental design.
Table 3.1 Research Design
Controlled group Pre-test
No special treatment Post-test
Experimental group Pre-test
Experimental treatment Post-test
C. Population and Sample
1. Population
Population can be defined as the all members of research subject who have representative characteristic or fulfill the requirement to be the research subject. It is a
target to be researched. In this research, the students in the first grade of SMAN 9 Tangerang Selatan academic year: 20122013 were the population.
2. Sample
Sample is part of the population. Because the population is too big, sample was taken to make this research was effectively conducted. In this research, purposive
sampling was used as a technique to decide the representative subject to be sample of this research. Purposive sampling is defined as a technique to choose the member
from the population based on some considerations. Thirty seven students of class X-1 and X-2 was chosen as the sample of this research. The first consideration was the
students of these two classes basically have the same characteristic and intelligence. It was convinced by the observation in the beginning of PPKT, data of students’
learning achievement, and the information gotten from the teachers in that school. The consideration of time, fund, and practicality was as another consideration in
deciding X-1 and X-2 as sample.
D. Variable
In this research, Power Point media is appointed as the independent variable, the variable influencing other variable, and as the dependent variable was students’
understanding on Passive Voice. Dependent variable is the one which is influenced by the independent variable whether it changes or not. To make clear:
Independent variable X: The Power Point media Dependent variable Y: The students’ understanding on Passive Voice
E. Technique in Collecting Data
1. Test
Technique in collecting data was test. Kind of test was paper and pencil test written test. Hence, this test is a test designed to measure how successful students in
understanding material that have been learned, in short, it is conducted at the end of learning process.
The test given to the subject consists of forty items. It was divided into thirty items for multiple choice and ten items for essay. Each true answer of multiple choice
has two points, so the highest score is 60. For essay, the highest score is 40 with the calculation of each item is four points. Every one point for essay items is given to the
right subject, object, to be, and verb-change. The items of test were taken from several books about grammar.
Related to the research design, the two groups of sample have been measured twice by the pre-rest and post-test. They were grouped into the experimental and
controlled group, and then they got pre-test. Pre-test was carried out to give the information about the characteristics of these two groups. The result of pre-test gave
meaning of checking whether the two groups were similar before being researched. After that, the experimental group has gotten the treatment of this research. And then,
post-test was needed to measure the final result of the groups to get the information of research question.
