3. Misinformation Error
Misformation error is characterized by the use of the wrong form of the morphemes or structure. There are 50 misinformation errors in using gerund
as subject made by the students. a.
Misinformation of verb
Original Sentence Reconstruction
12. Swear
does not prove anything.
13. Skip
to him is a better alternative to jogging.
14. Be
a boss made Jacob feel uneasy.
15. Be ignored by his friends
enrages him
16. Go
to nearest market or supermall to buy a goods.
Swearing
does not prove anything
Skipping
to him is a better alternative to jogging.
Being
a boss made Jacob feel uneasy.
Being
ignored by his friends enrages him.
Going
to the nearest market or supermall to buy goods.
Related to the samples above, the type of error is misinformation. Misinformation occurs because the students used the wrong word forms.
The verbs “swear”, “skip”, “be”, “go” are not in the correct form based on their function as the subject of those senteces. There must be
nounpronoun as the subject of sentence. To make them proper with the structure of the sentence, they must be in verb + ing form, “swearing”,
“skipping”, “being”, and “going”. These are the correct forms of samples in the original sentences. This error might occurs because the students do
not understand the use of gerund as subject well. b.
Misinformation of “be”
Original Sentence Reconstruction
17. Was
a boss made Jacob feel uneasy.
18. Is a boss made Jacob feel
uneasy.
Being
a boss made Jacob feel uneasy.
Being
a boss made jacob feel uneasy.
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Related to the samples above, the students used the wrong verb+ing form because they changed the
use of “being” become “was and ‘is”. “Was” and “is” cannot be used to begin the sentence, except the
sentence is an interogative sentence. Rhomdony 2007:110 states that Interrogative sentence that is not preceded by the question words will be
preceded by a form of to be nonverbal or auxiliary verbal, and the answer is preceded by Yes No,...... not. I think this error occurs because
of the students’ lack of knowledge in using “to be” form and gerund as subject.
4. Misordering Error
Misordering error is the incorrect placement of a morpheme or group of morphemes in an utterance. There is one misordering error in using gerund
as subject. a.
Misordering of verb.
Original Sentence Reconstruction
19. Shopped
didn’t good using.
Shopping is not good.
Related to the sample above, the student used the past verb form in the wrong order. It must not be used as subject of a sentence. The
correct is the verb+ing form “shopping”, because it functions as a noun and can become a subject of a sentence. I think this error occurs because
the students do not understand the use of past verb and gerund as subject well.
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4.2.2. Kinds of Errors in Using Gerund as Direct Object
There are certain English verbs can be followed by gerund. Besides, there are also certain verbs that can be used by either gerund or infinitive. This may
cause confusion for the students in using gerund. There are 187 errors in using gerund as direct object made by the students. The errors consist of omission
error, addition error, misinformation error, and misordering error. 1.
Omission error Omission is an error of leaving out an item that is required for an utterance to
be considered grammatical. There are 43 errors of omitting items in gerund as subect found in data.
a. Omission of
“ing”
Original Sentence Reconstruction
20.
I think your hair needs shampoo
.
21. Her daughter prefers read
science fiction book.
22.
Alice always
avoids
answer
my questions.
23.
The students do not mind do
the test in 10 minutes.
I think your hair needs shampooing Her daughter prefers reading science
fiction book Alice always avoids answering my
questions. The students do not mind doing the
test in 10 minutes.
Related to the samples above, the type of error is omission error because the students omitted “ing” of verb+ing form that must appear in
those sentences. There are certain verbs that must be followed by verb+ing, but in these samples
, the students omitted the “ing”. I think the reason of the students making this error is because they do not
understand the use of verb+ing form after certain verbs well.
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b. Omission of verb “go”
Original Sentence Reconstruction
24. I shopping with my
friends. I go shopping with my friends.
Related to the sample above, the students used the verb+ing form without a verb precedes it. It is not correct form because there must be
certain verbs before using verb+ing form in gerund as direct object. I think this error occurs because of the students’ lack of knowledge in
using gerund as direct object.
2. Addition Error
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