32. They like buy something
as dress,t-shirt, etc
33.
I think your hair needs shampoo
.
34.
The students do not mind do
the test in 10 minutes.
They like buying something such as dress,t-shirt, etc.
I think your hair needs shampooing The students do not mind doing the
test in 10 minutes.
Related to the samples above, the type of error is misinformation. Misinformation occurs because the students used the wrong verb+ing
forms. The use of “buy”, “shampoo”, and “do” are not in correct form based on their function in those sentences. They are preceded by a verb,
it means that they must be in gerund or infinitive form. Based on the verbs precede them, they must be added suffix
–ing to make them become noun. The verb “mind” can be directly followed by gerund.
Thomson and Martinet 1969:161 states that “mind” can be directly
followed by gerund, in which case the gerund refers to the subject. This error might occurs because of the students’ lack of knowledge in
using gerund after certain verbs. b.
Misinformation of to infinitive
Original Sentence Reconstruction
35. Everybody like to go
shopping
36. She love to spent a day
with her friends buying unimportant things
Everybody likes going shopping
She loves spending a day with her
friends buying unimportant things
Related on the samples above, the use of to infinitive is not in correct form. It is because the sentences are not conditional sentence. For
example:
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Would you like to come with me or would you prefer to stay here?
I’d love to come with you. I’d hate to spend all my life here. Thomson and Martinet 1969:162 states that Love, like enjoy,
hate, prefer when used in conditional sentence are followed by infinitive
but when used in the present or past they usually followed by the gerund. This error might occur beca
use of the students’ lack of knowledge about the use of infinitive and gerund as direct object.
4. Misordering error
Misordering error is the incorrect placement of a morpheme or group of morphemes in an utterance. There is 37 misordering error in using gerund as
direct object. a.
Misordering of Verb+ing
Original Sentence Reconstruction
37. If you want to shopping,
you must be had preparing for your purpose there.
38. Women shopping 3-5 times
per-week If you want to shop, you must
prepare yourself for your purpose there
Women shop 3-5 times per-week.
Related to the samples above, the students used the verb+ing form in wrong order. These two sentences above do not need verb+ing. The
sample number 37 does not need verb+ing but to infinitive. The sample number 38 also does not verb+ing because a subject must be followed by
a verb, not a noun. Some of the students do not understand the use of verb+ing so that they put it in the wrong order.
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Original Sentence Reconstruction
39. They can shopping in a
long time
40. Sometime they watching
cinema They can shop in a long time
Sometimes they watch cinema
Based on the samples above, the type of error is misordering error. It is because the students put the verb+ing in the wrong order. The
verb+ing in these samples must not appear because one of them is preceded by a modal “can”. I think the students do not know the use of
gerund well.
4.2.3. Kinds of Errors in Using Gerund as Subjective Complement
Gerund can serve as subjective complement and their position is usually
after “to be”. There are 48 errors in using gerund as subjective complement made by the students. The errors consist of omission error, addition error,
misinformation error, and misordering error.
1. Omission error
Omission is an error of leaving out an item that is required for an utterance to be considered grammatical. There are 6 errors of omitting items in gerund as
subect found in data. a.
Omission of Consanant Letter “m”
Original Sentence Reconstruction
41.
His chief delight is
swiming
in the river.
His chief delight is swimming in the
river.
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Related to the sample, the students omitted the consonant letter “m” that must appear in that sentence. The error occurs because the
student gets interference in using double consonant letter to certain verbs if they get addition of
“ed” or “ing”. The final single consonant letter that stands after a short stressed vowel is doubled before adding ed or ing.
http:usefulenglish.ruwritingadding-endings-ed-ing-to-verbs ..
b. Omission of “ing”
Original Sentence Reconstruction
42.
The effects of shopping are
feel so happy and free.
The effects of shopping are feeling so happy and free.
Related to the sample above, the students o mited “ing” for “feel”
that must appear. Based on the use, “feel” is a verb. After getting suffix –
ing , the function of feeling is not as an adjective but it is used as a noun.
This error might occurs because of the students’ lack of knowledge about
the use of gerund as subjective complement.
2. Addition error
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