b. Omission of verb “go”
Original Sentence Reconstruction
24. I shopping with my
friends. I go shopping with my friends.
Related to the sample above, the students used the verb+ing form without a verb precedes it. It is not correct form because there must be
certain verbs before using verb+ing form in gerund as direct object. I think this error occurs because of the students’ lack of knowledge in
using gerund as direct object.
2. Addition Error
Addition error is the presence of an item which must not appear in a well- formed utterance. There are 109 addition errors in using gerund as direct
object made by the students. a.
Addition of to infinitive
Original Sentence Reconstruction
25. I think your hair needs to
shampoo.
26. Her daughter prefers to
read science fiction book
27. Alice always avoid to
answer my questions.
28. I finish to buy my
necessity, I go to cashier.
I think your hair needs shampooing Her
daughter
prefers reading
science fiction book Alice always avoid answering my
questions. After I finish buying my necessity, I
go to cashier.
Related to the samples above, the type of error is addition error because they added to infinitive before the verb+ing form. The use of
“to infinitive” after verb in these sentences is not correct because the action
of these sentences is in general sense. It does not refer to one particular
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action. Thomson and Martinet 1969:155 state that the gerund can be used instead of the infinitive when the action is being considered in a
general sense. I think the students do not know the difference of using infinitive
and gerund. There are certain verbs can be followed by gerund and infinitive with no or little difference meaning. It is important to
understand the sentence form whether it is general or refers to one particular action.
b. Addition of “ed”
Original Sentence Reconstruction
29.
Alice always
avoid answered
my questions.
Alice always avoid answering my questions.
Related to the sample above, the type of error is addition error because the students added “ed” to “answer”. This addition make the
sentence look like past verb form. “Avoid” must be followed by
verb+ing form because they are preceded by verbs that always followed by gerund. I think the factor of the students producing this error is
because they do not understand the use of verb+ing after certain verbs. c.
Addition of A rticle “a”
Original Sentence Reconstruction
30. I think your hair needs a
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