Errors Versus Mistake Types of Errors
the comparative taxonomy and the communicative taxonomy. The four taxonomies mentioned are explained detail as below:
1 Error Type based on Linguistic Category taxonomy.
This type of errors includes the errors of using language or linguistic elements, such as phonology pronunciation, syntax, vocabulary, and
style. For example, the errors in a clause such as phrase nominal, preposition, adverbial, etc.
2 Error Type based on Surface Strategy Taxonomy
This errors type shows how the surface structure change. There are four kinds of errors included to this taxonomy, namely omission, addition,
misinformation, and misordering. a
Omission error is marked by an item losing which should be there. For example: My little sister hungry My little sister is hungry.
b Addition error is marked by an item existing which should not be
there. There are three types of this error. 1
Double marking This error is marked by an addition of the same
characteristics element in an utterance. For example: My father doesn’t knows my friends’ names
My father doesn’t know my friends’ names. 2
Regulation Regulation is marked by error formation in using regular or
irregular verb. For example:
Buy buyed
bought
Go goed
went
3 Simple addition
It is an error of adding some element which is not necessary and structurally is wrong. For example:
My friends doesn’t go school My friends don’t go school We stay in over there We stay over there.
c Misinformation error is an error of using some morpheme or
structure form. There are two types of this error; archi-form, and alternating form.
1 Archie_form
It is an errors of sing adjectives demonstrative, such as this, that, those, and these. For example:
That houses those houses
2 Alternative forms
It is an error of using past irregular form. For example: I seen her yesterday I saw her yesterday
d Misordering is an error in structuring a good utterance by
appointing a false morpheme or group morpheme. For example: He is all time late
He is late all time. 3
Error Types based on Comparatives Taxonomy
This error is based on comparison between structure of second language and other language structure. There are four kinds of this error; developing
errors, interlingual errors, ambiguous errors, and other errors. a
Developing errors For example: I like do it
I like to do it b
Interlingual errors For example: The dictionary expensive
The dictionary is expensive c
Ambiguous errors For example: I no have a car
I do not have a car d
Other errors For example: she do hungry
she is hungry. 4
Error Type based on Communicative Effect Taxonomy This is an error which is based on the errors of listening or reading. There
are two kinds of this error; global errors and local errors. a
Global error It is caused by misunderstanding or miscommunication. The
systematic global error includes: 1
Wrong order of major constituents For example:
English use many people Many people use English.
2 Missing or errors sentence connector
For example: Not take this bus, we late for school
If do not take this bus, we will be late for school 3
Missing passive sentence characteristic For example:
The patient examined doctor The patient is examined by doctor.
b Local error
It is an error that affects single elements in a sentence which usually do not hinder a significant communication. For example:
Why like we each other? Why we like each other?
In this study the Strategy Surface Taxonomy is selected because when this taxonomy includes other taxonomies in a simple formation.
Errors usually appear when the learners find difficult in learning something. It is same with learning language. Errors come from many sources and
factors such as the native language itself.