The third study is the study written by Placido Bazo Martinez and Marcos Penate Cabrera 2002, entitled Input and Interlanguage in the EFL Classroom: A
Case Study with Primary School Teachers. The purpose of the study was to learn the interlanguage and the different ways teachers manage to make their oral input
comprehensible to children in their first or second year of learning English as a Foreign Language. Then, the result of the study is that the interlanguage is as
expected in young learners when they are addressed in English. Those studies have some similarities and also differences with the study
which writer does. The similarity is in the theory used, and the differences are on the object of the study.
2.2 Theoretical Review
2.2.1 Definition of Grammar
People need language to communicate, and language itself needs grammar to be used in communication. Because every language in the world has its own
grammar as a rule, people need to learn it so that the language they use can be understandable.
The definition of grammar is explained by Swan edited by Simpson 2011: 558, he calls grammar as ‘device’. Moreover, he explains that grammar as a
device solves the language problems such as ordering, movement, etc. Languages solve these problems essentially by the devices that we
call ‘syntax’ and ‘morphology’, supplementing purely lexical information by establishing ordering and movement conventions, changing the forms
of words, and using function words like English may or not . These devices – grammar – make it possible to distinguish. . . . They permit the
expression of modality. . . . And they facilitate grouping, showing where necessary which words go together.
Another definition about grammar is explained by Harmer 2001 who says that grammar is the description of the ways which words can change their
forms and can be combined into sentences in that language. From those definitions, we know that grammar does have important rule in language.
Moreover, there is a term of Universal Grammar UG in interlanguage that is explained by Powell in his journal. This grammar is considered as universal
based on two approaches, the Chomskyan approach and the Greenbergian approach. The Chomskyan notion is that UG could define all of the human
languages classes, and the Greenbergian approach focuses on searching for the regularities and principles of the languages variety.
Then, grammar in this study refers to the grammar used in recount text in which one of them is past tense and also other grammatical features of recount
text. Grammar plays important rules in any language whether it is written or speaking language because without grammar, a language cannot play its function
in communication perfectly.
2.2.2 Importance of Learning Grammar
The term grammar comes from the Greek grapho which means ‘write’, grammar is regarded as something for writing only. However, grammar as
mechanism for putting words together when language is used to communicate both for producing speech and writing Leech, Deuchar, and Hoogenraad, 1982:
4. Without grammar the language will be hardly understood.
