Technique of Collecting the Data

3.9 Instrument for Collecting the Data

This study was a descriptive-qualitative study, so that the researcher that was the writer itself was the instrument in this study. However, in order to help the writer found the grammatical errors and interlanguage process happens, the writer needed some other instruments. The instruments that were used in this study: 1 Writing Task The writer gave the students an instruction to write free recount text by giving them five topics as outline. Appendix 1 2 Interview Guide Interview guide was designed to make easy the writer in doing interview and also to avoid the topic deviation. The interview guide was designed based on the purpose of the study that was to find out the interlanguage process happened. Appendix 4 3 Interlanguage Matrix It is to categorize the interlanguage process happened to the students during the time they wrote the recount texts. Appendix 3

3.10 Steps of Data Analysis

Data collected should be analyzed as soon as possible when it is obtained from the Subject of the study. The process of analyzing the data in this study was written analysis. The steps of data analysis in the qualitative research based on Miles and Huberman 1992, cited by Emzir, 2010; 129 that was also done in this study was in three steps: 1 Data reduction It started from data collection, data selection, and data simplification and transformation for important data. 2 Data display It was the way of the writer to provide the collected data. 3 Conclusion, drawing, and verifying The conclusion should be based on the data collected and it is hopped can answer the problem on the study.

3.11 Objectivity and Validity of the Data

The data objectivity and validity was gained by discussion with the English teacher in that school, the lecturer, and other parties who were relevant in this study. Besides, so that there wass no errors in analyzing data, the writer needed to examine the technique to decide the validity of the data. The technique meant was triangulation technique. It is a technique for examining credibility of the data which is done by checking the data using different techniques for the same sources Sugiyono, 2010: 373.