expression of modality. . . . And they facilitate grouping, showing where necessary which words go together.
Another definition about grammar is explained by Harmer 2001 who says that grammar is the description of the ways which words can change their
forms and can be combined into sentences in that language. From those definitions, we know that grammar does have important rule in language.
Moreover, there is a term of Universal Grammar UG in interlanguage that is explained by Powell in his journal. This grammar is considered as universal
based on two approaches, the Chomskyan approach and the Greenbergian approach. The Chomskyan notion is that UG could define all of the human
languages classes, and the Greenbergian approach focuses on searching for the regularities and principles of the languages variety.
Then, grammar in this study refers to the grammar used in recount text in which one of them is past tense and also other grammatical features of recount
text. Grammar plays important rules in any language whether it is written or speaking language because without grammar, a language cannot play its function
in communication perfectly.
2.2.2 Importance of Learning Grammar
The term grammar comes from the Greek grapho which means ‘write’, grammar is regarded as something for writing only. However, grammar as
mechanism for putting words together when language is used to communicate both for producing speech and writing Leech, Deuchar, and Hoogenraad, 1982:
4. Without grammar the language will be hardly understood.
In a journal entitled “Grammatical Errors of + 2 Students” An Analysis written by Rajeev Sinha 2003, there is a question asked “Why is grammar so
popular in certain schools and with certain teachers?” First, it is possible for a teacher to teach the grammar of a language although he has no real command over
that language; second, grammar is so popular with examiner. It is difficult to test fluent speaking ability or writing ability grammar questions are easy to set and
correct; third, Directors of Education demands grammar. They observe that the children in the schools speak and write ungrammatically and say, “Therefore
teach them more Grammar”. For the answer of the question above, we know that grammar is important
in learning language. Without learning it, students will have difficulties in mastering the communicative competence. The importance of grammar is not
only for oral language, but also the writing language needs grammar. Some linguists argue that fluency in writing is in paramount point that accuracy.
2.2.3 Writing
Writing is one of the four basic skills which should be mastered by the students. Those four skills are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Writing
skills is regarded as the highest level of language competence because it needs good performance of three other skills. Writing is also known as a complex
system because it needs more tools and skills. According to Ramelan 1992: 42, writing is defined as a representative or
symbol. It is not a usual symbol, but writing is a meaningful symbol. It represents the idea of the people who make it, and it delivers meaning in which
