Definition of Terms INTRODUCTION

8 b. Pure Borrowing Technique Teknik Peminjaman Murni This technique allows the translator not to change the pronunciation and spelling. It means that the vocabulary in source text and target text is exactly the same. The example can be seen in the following table. Medical Terms The Translation Herpes Herpes Purulent Purulent Glaucoma Glaucoma Table 2. Terms Using Pure Borrowing Technique c. Certainty Equivalent Technique Teknik Padanan Mapan Certainty equivalent technique is equivalent technique using expression which is commonly used in dictionary or by people in target text. It is noted that equivalence by using this technique is always tied by context such as linguistic and cultural context. In other words, these context refer to the meaning influenced by structure of sentence, people who are involved, place and time. The examples are provided below. Medical Terms The Translation Fungi Jamur Symptoms Gejala Treatment Pengobatan Table 3. Terms Using Certainty Equivalent Technique d. Latin Borrowing Technique Teknik Peminjaman dari Bahasa Latin In this technique the terms are not translated in target language, but in Latin. It is usually used since there are no certain expressions in TL to describe that terms. The examples are seen as follows. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 9 Medical Terms The Translation Viral Virus Spasm Spasmus Propacane Propacaine Table 4. Terms Using Latin Borrowing Technique e. Addition Technique Teknik Penambahan This technique is part of amplification technique which aims to clarify a concept by providing information that is not available in source text. Medical Terms The Translation Lens implant Lensa tanam hamper Sty Bintik kelopak mata’timbil’ Allergenic Zat alergenik Table 5. Terms Using Addition Technique f. Category Shift Technique Teknik Pergeseran Kategori As a result of the differences of source text and target text systems, there are many possibilities for translator to shift, either unit shift or word category shift. This technique aims to achieve acceptability and readability of the translation without ignoring message’s accuracy. Medical Terms The Translation Accumulated Calcium Akumulasi Kalsium Table 6. Terms Using Category Shift Technique g. Deletion Technique Teknik Penghilangan This technique is commonly applied in the translation. There are some reasons why translators apply this technique such as political reason, taboo, impolite issue, or regarded as not important things. But sometimes translators apply this technique because they cannot find the same meaning in TT. Medical Terms The Translation Canal of Schlemn trabecular meshwork Schelma trabecula Table 7. Terms Using Deletion Technique 10 This present thesis is different from Widarwati’s in the way it analyzes. Widawarti analyzes her research in order to produce taxonomy and technique of medical term translation. Meanwhile this present thesis uses her taxonomy in order to answer first problem formulation and more focuses on assessing translation competence of two people having different background.

B. Review of Related Theories

There are some theories provided to elaborate in this section such as theories of translation, theories of translation competence, Angelelli’s translation competence, and Angelelli’s scoring rubric. Each of the theories is defined and discussed as follows.

1. Theories of Translation

Based on Nida and Taber’s theory, translation is concerned in the closest natural equivalent meaning of the source language message, rather than the style 1974: 13. Besides, there are three things should be noted by the translator. First, it is necessary for translator to convey the original message correctly. Second, translator must give the ease of comprehension. The last, the translator’s experience is important because if they have many experiences in translating text it means that they will be able to adequate forming the translation result. Newmark 1981: 30 states “translation is a craft consisting the attempt to replace a written message and or statement in one language by the same message and or statement in another language.” The more important or serious the language keywords, collocations, emphases of the original, the more closely it should be PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI