to collect the data. There were four theories to support the analysis of the study. The theories were prejudice, discrimination, violence, and typology of violence.
B. Review of Related Theories
This part reviews the theories which are employed in the study. There are some theories that will be used to solve the problems formulation. They are
the theory of motivation, personality, character, and psychological approach.
1. Theory of Motivation
Maslow 1954 states that motivation is the human ‟s action that is driven
by a need to fulfill in order to achieve a higher purpose of life called self-actualization p.301. He assumes human as a animal that wants to prey
others for his satisfaction. When a person satisfies this one, still another clamor for satisfaction. It is the characteristic of human life that people almost always
desire something. Maslow divides the motivation into five stages, which are physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization.
Maslow describes human needs in the shape of hierarchical diagram. In this manner, Maslow
‟s model indicates that fundamental, lower-order needs like safety and physiological requirements have to be satisfied in order to pursue
higher-level motivators along the lines of self-fulfilment. In Maslow ‟s diagram; or
sometimes called Maslow ‟s needs pyramid; lower factor needs must be satisfied
before continuing to satisfy the higher needs. Here is the diagram of five stages of motivation from Maslow:
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Figure 2.1 Maslow’s five stages of motivation
a. Physiological needs The physiological needs are the most basic human needs to sustain life in the
world. The needs are food, air, drink, and sleep. Maslow states that this need is the basic need of human life, if these needs are not satisfied, the other needs
cannot be achieved. b. Safety needs
After the physiological needs are satisfied, the next human needs is to secure,
in order to be free from the threat of physical and emotional harm
. This needs cover security, protection from danger and the freedom of pain.
c. Social needs These needs are related to the interaction with others such as friendship, giving
and receiving love, engaging in social activities and group membership. Maslow
also underlines t
hat the love covers “giving” and “receiving”.
