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Figure 2.1 Maslow’s five stages of motivation
a. Physiological needs The physiological needs are the most basic human needs to sustain life in the
world. The needs are food, air, drink, and sleep. Maslow states that this need is the basic need of human life, if these needs are not satisfied, the other needs
cannot be achieved. b. Safety needs
After the physiological needs are satisfied, the next human needs is to secure,
in order to be free from the threat of physical and emotional harm
. This needs cover security, protection from danger and the freedom of pain.
c. Social needs These needs are related to the interaction with others such as friendship, giving
and receiving love, engaging in social activities and group membership. Maslow
also underlines t
hat the love covers “giving” and “receiving”.
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d. Esteem needs One of the human desires is to be rewarded by other .
Esteem needs can be categorized as external motivators and internal motivators. Internally
motivating esteem needs are those such as self-esteem, accomplishment, and self-respect.
These needs include both self-respect and the esteem for others. For example, the desire for self confidence, achievement, recognition, and
appreciation. e. Self-actualization
If all needs are sufficiently satisfied, human beings still have the need of self- actualization. This is about the desire to develop and realize human real
potential, to become everything that they can be.
Self-actualized people tend to have motivators such as truth, justice, wisdom, and meaning.
2. Theory of Personality
Allport 1972 states that personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psycho-physical systems determine his characteristics
behavior and thought. According to him, a normal human being is a rational creature governed mainly by the aim of consciousness rooted in the present and
optimistic future, not the past. The basic principle of behavior is constantly moving-flow. It is because the main concept is concerning about personality based
on theories of motivation, which makes people move. The activity must have a fixed element trait and elements of the changing.
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According to Sigmund Freud 1958, the life of the soul has three levels of consciousness, namely the conscious, preciousness and unconscious. The concept
of Freuds theory is the most famous of the existence of the unconscious that control most of the behavior. In addition, he also gives a statement that human
behavior based on sexual desire, which is initially perceived by humans as a child from his mother.
Freud proposes three specific structure of personality that is Id, Ego and Superego. All of these three structures are believed to be formed substantially at
the age of seven years. This structure can be shown diagrammatically in relation to accessibility for awareness or range of individual consciousness. These are the
explanation about Freud‟s personality structure:
a Id
Id is an original personality. Id consists of basic biological drives such as the need to eat, drink and sex. There are two types of energy that
contradictory and greatly affects the life and personality of the individual, namely the instinct of life and death instinct. Instinctual life
is called libido. Impulses in Id always wants to be satisfied and always seek to avoid experiences that are not pleasant.
b Ego
Ego is the energy that is pushing to follow the principle of reality and operates according to the secondary process. The purpose of this
principle is to prevent the occurrence of secondary voltage until it PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
