24 teaching speaking, tasks can provide the opportunities for the learners to express
and explore spoken language through leaning activities that are designed for the learners. In task-based language teaching, teacher plays a role as a facilitator and
gives wide opportunities for the students to use language. In order to apply task-based language teaching appropriately, teachers
should know how to develop unit works and the principles for Task-Based Language Teaching.
a. Procedures of Developing Unit of Works
Nunan, 2004: 31-35 stated that there are six 6 steps of developing unit of works in Task-Based Language Teaching, they are:
1 Step 1: Schema building
The first step is schema building. This step is used to introduce the topic by giving the schema building exercise which includes the key vocabulary and the
expressions that the students will need in order to complete the tasks. Schema building also can give the students’ understanding about the context of the task
they will do. 2
Step 2: Controlled practice The second step of developing unit of works is controlled practice. This
step is used to provide opportunities for the students to practice using the vocabularies, structures and language functions in the conversation. The students
are given conversations and they can practice the dialogues in pairs.
25 3
Step 3: Authentic listening practice The next step is authentic listening practice. In this step, the teacher asks
the students to listen the conversation from the native speaker. In this study, the writer omits this step because the writer focused on designing the speaking
materials. 4
Step 4 : Focus on linguistic elements In this step, the teacher can asks the students to identify the conversations
given in the second step. The students can identify the expressions used in the conversations and whether the conversation is in formal or informal way.
5 Step 5: Provide freer practice
In this step, the students are expected to produce their own conversation. The students will work in pairs or in group to practice using the language in order
to complete the task. The students can improve themselves to use the expression in conversation.
6 Step 6: Introduce the pedagogical task
The last step is introducing the pedagogical task. In this step, the students may work in group and discuss about the topic. The students are expected to get
the idea and understand about the topic given.
b. Principles of Task-Based Language Teaching
