Listing Subject Contents Elaboration of Steps in A Set of Instructional Speaking Materials using

59 practice speaking in communication games and discuss some issues given. The aim of this part was to encourage the students to speak in English. This section referred to the fourth principles of TBLT that was active learning. The writer also considered the sixth principle that was reproduction to creation. Moreover, the writer considered the fifth step of developing unit work of TBLT that was providing freer practice. e. Take Your Turn. This part was an individual task. In this section, the students did the exercise individually to check the students’ understanding about what they had learnt. The aim of this part was to review what the students got in each meeting. In this section, the students also reflect what they have learned about the topic given. This section referred to the principle of Task-Based Language Teaching number seven that was reflection. After choosing the sections of every unit, the writer listed the skills taught in every topic. The explanations could be found as follows: Table 4.6: List of Skills in Subject Contents Units Skills Sections Unit 1: Hi How are you? - Getting the background knowledge of the topic. - Practicing conversation in pairs - Identifying the dialogues - Understanding the expressions of greeting and leave taking - Making dialogues and practicing the dialogues - Get Ready - Start Talking - Start Talking - Focus In - Talk Some More 60 - Practicing speaking in communication game - Checking students understanding of the topic - Talk Some More - Take Your Turn Unit 2: My name’s Leo - Getting the background knowledge of the topic - Practicing conversation in pairs - Identifying the dialogues - Understanding the expressions of introducing oneself and others - Making dialogues and practicing the dialogues - Practicing speaking in communications games game - Checking students understanding of the topic. - Get Ready - Start talking - Start Talking - Focus in - Talk Some More - Talk Some More - Take Your Turn Unit 3: I’m sorry …. - Getting the background knowledge of the topic - Practicing conversation in pairs - Identifying the dialogues - Understanding the expressions of thanking and apologizing - Making dialogues and practicing the dialogues - Practicing speaking in group discussions - Checking students understanding of the topic - Get Ready - Start Talking - Start Talking - Focus In - Talk Some More - Talk Some More - Take Your Turn Unit 4: She’s very - Getting the background knowledge of the topic - Practicing conversation in pairs - Get ready - Start Talking 61 popular - Identifying the dialogues - Understanding the expressions of describing people - Describing people based on the pictures - Practicing speaking in communications game - Checking students understanding of the topic - Start Talking - Focus In - Talk Some More - Talk Some More - Take Your Turn Unit 5: Stars are sparkling - Getting the background knowledge of the topic - Practicing conversation in pairs - Identifying the dialogues - Understanding the expressions of describing things - Practicing speaking in communications game - Describing things based on the pictures - Checking students understanding of the topic - Get Ready - Start Talking - Start Talking - Focus In - Talk Some More - Talk Some More - Take Your Turn Unit 6: I love numbers - Getting the background knowledge of the topic - Practicing conversation in pairs - Identifying the dialogues - Understanding the expressions of telling time, date, and price - Speaking orally based on the situations - Practicing speaking in communications game - Checking students understanding of the topic - Get Ready - Start Talking - Start Talking - Focus In - Talk Some More - Talk Some More - Take Your Turn 62 Unit 7: Raise your hand - Getting the background knowledge of the topic - Practicing conversation in pairs - Identifying the dialogues - Understanding the expressions of command and request - Practicing making command in pairs - Speaking orally based on the situation - Practicing speaking in communications game - Checking students understanding of the topic - Get Ready - Start Talking - Start Talking - Focus In - Talk Some More - Talk Some More - Talk Some More - Take Your Turn Unit 8: What can I do for you, Sir? - Getting the background knowledge of the topic - Practicing conversation in pairs - Identifying the dialogues - Understanding the expressions of offering things and helps - Speaking orally based on the situations - Speaking orally to express offering things based on the menu given - Checking students understanding of the topic - Get Ready - Start Talking - Start Talking - Focus In - Talk Some More - Talk Some More - Take Your Turn

5. Selecting Teaching-Learning Activities and Instructional Resources

In this step the writer selected teaching learning activities and materials to provide learning objectives. There were eight units in the materials designed. Every unit might have different activities. There were four activities used in the materials design, they were acting from scripts, communication games, 63 discussion, and simulation and role play. The activities of every unit could be seen in the table below: Table 4.7: List of Activities Units Sections Activities Unit 1 Hi How are you? Get Ready Start Talking Focus In Talk Some More Take Your Turn - Discussion, Questions and Answers - Practicing dialogues - Acting from scripts - Lecturer - Discussion - Acting from scripts in pairs - Role-plays and simulations in pairs - Communication games whole students - Individual task Unit 2 My name’s Leo Get Ready Start Talking Focus In Talk Some More Take Your Turn - Discussion, Questions and Answers - Practicing dialogues - Acting from scripts - Lecturer - Discussion - Role-play and simulations in pairs - Communication games whole students - Individual task Unit 3 I’m sorry …. Get Ready Start Talking Focus In Talk Some More Take Your Turn - Discussion, Questions and Answers - Practicing dialogues - Acting from scripts - Lecturer - Discussion - Acting from scripts in pairs - Role-play and simulations in groups - Discussion in groups - Individual task Unit 4 She’s very popular Get Ready Start Talking Focus In Talk Some More - Discussion, Questions and Answers - Practicing dialogues - Acting from scripts - Lecturer - Discussion - Role plays and simulations in groups and in pairs 64 Take Your Turn - Individual task Unit 5 Stars are sparkling Get Ready Start Talking Focus In Talk Some More Take Your Turn - Discussion, Questions and Answers - Practicing dialogues - Acting from scripts - Lecturer - Discussion - Role-play and simulation in pairs and in groups - Communication games whole class - Individual task Unit 6 I love numbers Get Ready Start Talking Focus In Talk Some More Take Your Turn - Discussion, Questions and Answers - Practicing dialogues - Acting from scripts - Lecturer - Discussion - Role-play and simulation in pairs - Communication games whole students - Individual task Unit 7 Raise your hand Get Ready Start Talking Focus In Talk Some More Take Your Turn - Discussion, Questions and Answers - Practicing dialogues - Acting from scripts - Lecturer - Discussion - Role-play and simulations in pairs - Communication games in groups - Individual task Unit 8 What can I do for you, Sir? Get Ready Start Talking Focus In Talk Some More Take Your Turn - Discussion, Questions and Answers - Practicing dialogues - Acting from scripts - Lecturer - Discussion - Role-play and simulation in pairs and in groups - Individual task After listing the activities, the writer listed the instructional resources for every unit. Here are the instructional resources of every unit: