CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The writer elaborates the methodology of the research in this chapter mainly to put forward the rationale of using certain research method. It also
provides the elaboration the research participant, research instruments, data gathering technique, data analysis technique and research procedure.
A. Research Method
The method which was used in this research was action research. According to Burns 1999: 24, action research focused on concrete and practical
issues of immediate concern to particular social groups or communities. This research was conducted by the writer as an English school teacher of SD BOPKRI
Gondolayu who taught fourth graders. The immediate concern and practical issues were the improvement of the students’ grammar and pronunciation accuracy.
In practice, although there are many models of action research, the writer followed the action research model and cycles proposed by Sagor 2005: 4-7. The
writer selected the model because it provided clear-cut research stages so that it was easily implemented during the research. The model also provided details on
every stage to be followed to attain the certainty of the research. Therefore, the teacher was guided during the research to establish clear vision, to select
appropriate theories, to implement the action, and to make critical reflections based on her research. In other word, this model is practical for teachers as
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researchers who had little experience in doing a research. Figure 3.1 illustrates the model of the action research used by the writer in this research.
Figure 3.1 Framework for Action Research Sagor, 2005: 7
Sagor’s model of action research consists of four stages. They are clarifying vision, articulating theories, implementing action and collecting data,
and reflecting and planning informed action. The completion of these four stages is called one cycle. Soon after researchers finished stage four, they would return to
the stage three to revise and improve their action based on critical reflection in order to collect more data. The events of finishing those four stages and return to
the stage three continuously in order to improve actions to attain the intended results is called research cycles. The nature of the action research which differs
from other research methods is the research cycles. Therefore, whenever action researchers finish a cycle, they can revise and improve their action to be
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B. Research Participants
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