54 before. Once he is very afraid to meet successful people and he cannot endure
what they think of him. He is too scared to challenge himself to make some changes in his life, but now he has courage to challenge himself and make some
changes in his life. Ed’s personality development is classified as a quantitative because his self-concept is replaced by the new one. In the beginning, Ed thinks
that sex is an automatic thing that happens when a man and a woman are interested in each other and it means nothing. Then, he applies the Buddha’s
teaching to sex and he finds out that sex can mean many things, depends on its background situation. He applies it to the Ten Worlds principal; Hell, Hunger,
Animality, Anger, Heaven, Humanity, Learning, Realization, Boddhisattva, and Buddhahood. He finds that in Hell, sex is suffering when people are forced to do
it. People in a Hunger World think that sex is insatiable and it is possible for them to become sex maniacs. In Animality World, sex is used to satisfy himself but not
his partner while in Anger World, sex is used to raise his prestige by making love with someone popular. In Humanity or Tranquility World, people are not bothered
with sex since it is only a biological thing. In Heaven, sex is a romantic thing that is done by a couple who love each other. In Learning World, sex can be learnt
through books or videos. In Realization World, sex is learnt through researches. In Bodhisattva World, Ed assumes that someone can help other people in solving
their sexuality problems. In Buddhahood World, Ed cannot figure out how to apply this world into sex because he does not learn Buddhism deeply. Ed’s
personality development is considered as slow because he needs time to learn a new habit that is chanting.
55
B. Suggestions
In this part, the writer presents suggestions for the future researchers and for teaching speaking using literature.
1. Suggestion for the Future Researchers
In conducting this study, the writer focuses only on Ed’s personality development. Since this study employs the theory of characterization and the
psychological approach in analyzing the characterization of Ed and Geoff and the influence of Geoff on Ed’s personality development, there is still other approach
that can be employed. Future researchers can use the biographical approach to analyze the similarity between the author, Dumas, and Ed. The writer cannot find
other ways to employ the other approaches since this novel focuses on the Ed and Geoff relationship and is based on the Buddha teachings.
2. Suggestion for Teaching Speaking Using Literature
Mastering other language like English is rather difficult for students whose mother tongues are not English. Teachers should teach them four language skills
that are listening, reading, writing and speaking to make their English excellent. In this study, the writer emphasizes on teaching speaking. Teaching speaking is more
difficult than listening and reading because, according to Nunan, it is a productive aural or oral skill 48. Johnson and Morrow typified speaking as an activity
involving two or more people called listeners and speakers. Speakers talk in order to have some effects on their listeners while listeners have to react to what they
56 hear and make some contributions at high speed 70. Speaking in English at high
speed needs good grammar accuracy, vocabulary mastering, and a lot of practice. In teaching speaking, teachers do not merely teach the students to speak
but they have to foster life moral values in their students. They can use many sources such as newspaper, magazine, or literary works. Literary work like novel
is a good source to teach speaking because there are many moral values written implicitly in a novel. Moreover, the story of a novel can amuse the students so
that they will not feel bored and they also can improve their vocabulary and grammar skill through a novel. Besides using many sources, teachers have to
make the teaching-learning activities interesting. They can use games, role-plays, debates or story telling. In this study, the writer implements the use of literary
work that is The Buddha, Geoff and Me novel to teach speaking through debate. The procedures of teaching speaking using The Buddha, Geoff and Me
novel are as follow: 1. The teacher explains briefly about the information of The Buddha, Geoff
and Me novel. 2. The teacher explains how to conduct a debate.
3. The teacher distributes the selected quotations of The Buddha, Geoff and Me novel.
4. The teacher divides the students into several groups. Each group consists of seven students where one student will be the chairperson, three of them
will be the pro-side and the other three will be the cons-side. 5. The teacher gives each group a topic to be debated.
