70 The writer used those selected topics to adjust the materials, activities,
exercises, vocabulary, audios, expressions, conversations and projects for the application.
b. Need Analysis Questionnaire and Interview Script Design
In order to get reliable sources on the students‟ needs on the expected teaching and learning, the writer conducted need analysis for the Grade X of 3
Bantul Senior High School. The need analysis was conducted by distributing questionnaires to the students and interviewing both students and English teacher.
Before conducting the need analysis, the writer designed the questionnaire and the interview script based on speaking, mobile learning and Android theories. The
concept of the questionnaire and is listed in the table below.
Table 4.4 The Working Concepts of Need Analysis Questionnaire and Interview Script
No. Concept
Sub Concept Indicators
Item
1. Speaking is a skill
that applies two language skills in a
conversation. It is stated that from
communicative, pragmatic view of
the language classroom,
listening and speaking skills are
closely intertwined. Brown, 2000
- Basic types of
speaking -
Micro and macroskills of
speaking -
Imitate certain vowel sounds
- Produce proper
sentences -
Produce fluent speech
- Use
grammatical word clases
- Recognize
errors -
Develop natural
conversations 1, 2
Speaking is a verbal language
which is used to communicate with
others. It consists - Communicative
language - Speaking needs
verbal practice - Communicate
with others - Produce verbal
utterances 3, 4,
5, 6 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
71
No. Concept
Sub Concept Indicators
Item
of producing verbal utterances to
convey meaning Nunan, 2003
There are five aspects of
speaking; pronunciation,
vocabulary, grammar, fluency
and comprehension Harmer, 2001,
- Pronunciation - Vocabulary
- Grammar - Fluency
- Comprehension - Pronounce
words correctly - Use appropriate
vocabulary - Use
grammatical rules correctly
- Comprehend types of
conversation - Speak fluently
7, 8, 9,
10, 17
Speaking covers some categories
such as fluency, accuracy,
interaction and coherence Louma,
2007 - Fluency
- Accuracy - Interaction
- Coherence - Speak fluently
- Speak accurately
2. Mobile Learning is
a learning that use any kinds of
portable learning which usually
related to the most recent technologies
O‟ Malley et all, 2003
- Portable learning - Educational
Purpose - Learning style
- Learn outside the classroom
- Learn independently
- Use smartphone as
a portable learning media
- Use smartphone as
an interactive learning media
11, 12,
15
When students can see themselves on
videotape, spotting their own
weaknesses in much easier
Healey, 1999 - Independent
learning - Monitor their
own progress - Recognize
their own mistakes
19, 20
72
No. Concept
Sub Concept Indicators
Item
Mobile device is a pervasive medium
that may assist us in combining work,
study and leisure time in meaningful
ways Turunen, et al. 2003 in Laouris
- Learning content - Use mobile
learning as a learning media
- Use appropriate
features to have an
interactive learning
16
Android is an operating system
based on Linux with a Java
programming interface which is
developed by Google Vogel,
2013 - Learning media
- Use Android smartphone to
support learning
- Use Android to have an
accessible learning
14
The writer then made the questionnaire and interview results based on the design stated in the above table. The writer conducted the need analysis by
distributing the questionnaire and interviewing and English teacher. This need analysis is aimed to collect important information related to the teaching and
learning process of speaking in 3 Bantul Senior High School.
c. The Need Analysis from Questionnaire Results
