REVIEW ON RELATED STUDIES

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b. Speaking for the Tenth Graders in 3 Bantul Senior High School

English in 3 Bantul Senior High School is a compulsary subject for the students. It is taught four hours per week. The English lesson in 3 Bantul Senior High School is developed based on the syllabus provided by the government. In the syllabus, the government has devided the standard competence and basic competence that the students should achieve for each skill listening, speaking, reading and writing. It is stated that the English teacher in 3 Bantul Senior High School has broken down the syllabus based on the skills in a correct order. There are two meetings which last for two hours in a week and it has been arranged orderly based on the skills learned. Speaking is one of the skills that the teacher wants to develop because she wants the students to communicate with English fluently. Therofore, the teacher always encourages the students to perform in each teaching and learning activity in the classroom. The teaching and learning activities are usually conducted by providing examples for the students by using videos or a live performance by the students, question and asnwers session, explanation and class performances. The activities conducted in the classroom are based on the learning goals stated in the syllabus. Therefore, the syllabus is used as the reference in selecting the materials as well as activities for the students in the Android application.

B. REVIEW ON RELATED STUDIES

In order to support the research, the writer reviews some related studies. The writer found three studies which raise mobile learning as the main discussion. 46 It is important to review some studies conducted by some previous writer to know what area has been studied before. By reviewing some related studies, the writer will be able to conduct a similar study or develop what has been studied by the previous writer. The writer found three studies related to MALL. The first study is entitled “Design and Development of Mobile Assisted Language Learning MALL application for English Language using Android Push Notification Services ”. This research is conducted by Shanmugapriya et al. 2013. The research was conducted to address the need for designing m-learning applications with push model using Push Notifications by Android, iOS, Blackberry, Windows Phone and other mobile platforms. The study was conducted considering the importance of active roles of learners in using the MALL. The study designed a model of MALL which consists of some materials and exercises focused on improvising EFL students‟ grammar, pronunciation, listening, speaking, reading, writing and vocabulary skills. The research participants were thirty undergraduate students majoring at computer science, physics, chemistry and mathematics. In this study, it is found that the push notification features can optimize the success of employing MALL applications to develop the EFL and ESL students‟ learning interest and experience. The second study is entitled “Students‟ Perceptions and Experiences of Mobile Learning ”. This research is conducted by Kim et al 2013. The research is aimed to know how students perceive the use of mobile devices to create a personalized learning experience outside the classroom. The participants were 53 MA students in TESOL from different graduate classes. The research was PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 47 conducted during the spring 2012 semester at one Central US University. There were three instruments used in the research to collect a primary data: a pre-study survey, student reflections for class projects, and a post-study survey. The findings indicate that mobile technologies have the potential to provide new learning experiences. The third study is entitled “Does a Creative Learning Medium Matter? Impact of Low Cost Android Tablets on Elementary Students‟ English Comprehension, Perceived Performance and Memory Retention ” conducted by El-Mouelhy et al. 2013. This study is aimed to know the effect of Android tablet on elementary students‟ learning performance, especially their reading comprehension, perceived comprehension performance, memory retention, and the implication of the finding and future directions . The writers conducted two kinds of study. The participants of the first study were 18 fourth-graders and 36 sixth-graders. The participants were asked to read two passages based on their grade on a tablet and completed the comprehension tests followed. On the other hand, the participants of the second study were 28 first-graders students. From both studies, it is found that android tablets did not have negative impacts on sixth-grader reading comprehension. It is found that the use of tablets in the c lassroom can improve the students‟ confidence in completing the tasks.

C. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK