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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research design
The research is in the form of action research. Action research, as suggested by Carr Kemmis 1999, is a form of self reflective enquiry done
by participant in social situation for example teachers, students, school principal in educational situation. The purpose of this kind of research is for
improving the social and educational practices of teachers, students, school principal in educational situation, and the situations in which these practices
are carried out. Hence, this study required the researcher to be involved directly.
Action research deals with identifying a problematic situation. The situation can come from the teachers, students, school principal, and the
school environment as well. The purpose of the problematizing situation is not to make a statement that the teacher, or everything involved in the teaching-
learning process is bad. But the main purpose is to make an improvement in everything that can possibly be done better.
This research also used the collaboration of the researcher and the collaborator. This collaboration helped the researcher to conduct the research
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since it allowed the researcher to share and discuss all his ideas with the collaborator. Besides that, this collaboration also strengthened the validity and
the reliability of the research. Action research, as stated by Burns 2010, has four phases in a cycle
of the research. The four broad of phases will be presented as follows: 1.
Planning In this phase, the researcher identified a problem after observing the
research objects. Then the researcher developed a plan to improve the specific area which was writing ability that needed to be improved.
2. Action
In this phase, the researcher took the action by conducting the teaching-learning process. This was aimed to give the students treatments
which had been planned in the previous phase. 3.
Observation Every action brings reaction. Hence, during the action, the researcher
observed the treatments that had been done to find some weaknesses and some other alternative ways, if possible, to improve the teaching-learning
process. Besides that, the researcher also observed the students’ reaction
during the action in order to know how the students felt toward the action.
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4. Reflection
In this phase, the researcher reflected, evaluated, and described the effects of the action with the assistance from the collaborator. This step
facilitated the researcher to comprehend the situation of what had happened and discovered during the cycle.
There are two cycles in action research according to Burns 1999 reciting the model of action research by Kemmis and McTaggart 1988. The
model of action research suggested by Kemmise and McTaggart can be seen on the picture below.
Figure 1: Cyclical AR model based on Kemmis and McTaggart
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