Background of the Study

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Language has a very important role for human being. As a human being we can not be separated from language. By language, we can make interaction,express our mind and making communication with others. Language also can bring the information from one people to another. Everyday we always use language for our activities, such as, in study, work, play and we can use language to express our ideas and emotions. Chomsky 2002 : 3 states that a language is an enormously involved system, and it is quite obvious that any attempt to present directly the set of grammatical phoneme sequences would lead to a grammar so complex that it would be practically useless. Language can be viewed as a communication system that relates something to be communicated. Language can be said as a message on the one hand with a set signs or symbols on the other. Language is basically a communication for the people and that distinguish man from animals. Talking about language, we can not separate it with sentence. When we use language both written and spoken, we must use sentence. Sentence is a group of words that express a statement or expression. It is an expression in natural language, and it is often defined to indicate a grammatical unit consisting of one or more words that generally bear minimal syntactic relation to the words that precede or follow it. A sentence can include words grouped meaningfully to express a statement, question, exclamation, request or command. The network of relation between the words of a sentence is called structure. Chomsky 1965 : 15 states that hence, a generative grammar must be a system of rules that can iterate to generate an indefinitely large number of structures. This system of rules can be analyzed into the three major components of a generative grammar : the syntatic, phonological, and semantic components. The concept of structure is essential in distinguishing between the strings of words that are well-formed expression in the language and those are not. Specifying the function of constituent is an important part of structural analysis. It represents the structural relationship between words in a sentence. Diagramming sentences provides a way of picturing the sturcture of a sentence. By placing the various parts of a sentence in relation to the basic subject-verb relationship, we can see how the parts fit together and how the meaning of a sentence branches out, just as the branches of a plant ramify from the stem in space and time. In Linguistics, Syntax is the study of the principles and rules for constructing sentences in natural language. Syntactical has to do with how words are put together to build phrases, with how phrases are put together to build clauses or bigger phrases, and with how clauses are put together to build sentences. If someone wants to improve both spoken and written language, heshe has to study Syntax well. There are some of theories to identify the Syntax features in language. This sentences can be identified by X-Bar theory, which the idea stems from Zellig Harris. The purpose using X-Bar theory in this paper because the writer has not found S1 in English Literature which uses its theory analysis in any student’s thesis, therefore I am interested to discuss it. The advantage of X-Bar theory than other theories in Syntaxwhich this theory is universal, means this theory can be used to analyze the structure of language phrases in many language of the world even though the structure of languages is SVO or SOV and so on. There are many object that can be analyzed on sentence structure such as: novel, short story, songs, newspaper and magazine. This thesis will try to convertsentences into 2 part, which is active and passive sentences found in an article, entitled JOKO WIDODO: MAN OF THE YEAR, pages 10, 33-35, 38-42, 44, 46-47, in addition Jokowi is still talking until this day because it is associated with his performances in Solo, became governor in Jakarta, and now the president of Indonesia.Below is the example of sentences found in Globe Asia Magazine: 1 The country is crying out for the leadership. before conversion NP NP PP PP Det N Prep V Prep Det N The country is crying out forthe leadership After conversion into X-bar categories: N-Double Bar SPEC N-Bar The N-Bar COMPL N P-Bar for the leadership country P V-Double Bar is V-Bar V crying out The main idea behind X-Bar theory is to explain the similarity between the rules for each category. The X in X-Bar theory is a variable over categories. As the tree diagram above, the COMPL “for the leadership” became completed of this NP “the country” after converted into x-bar analysis. This article is the main news in Globe Asia Magazine. This magazine isquarterly magazine published by the East Asia Foundation. Similar in concept to Foreign Policy and Foreign Affairs, Globe Asia deals with global issues, but with a special focus on Asia. The editor in chief is Chung in Moon of Yonsei University.

1.2 Problems of the Study