Effective teachers may either present a strategy with clarity or invite students to explain how they solve a problem and subsequently use that
information for promoting the idea of modeling.
Series of modeling can be: presenting the strategies of learning material that will be taught, then students are offered to use the
strategies to solve the problem or to invite students present the strategies that can be used in solving their problem, giving the questions
to make students think creatively about the problem solving, presenting different types of modeling should be
based on students’ ability or students’ learning needs.
e. Application
Application refers to teacher’s behavior in monitoring, supervising and giving feedback to students.
32
Meanwhile Ciaccio explained about how to give feedback to students that the effort and achievement of
students are described by the teacher.
33
As teacher, he or she should never evaluate personality of students and also not make general claims
about the problem. In conclusion, this strategy focuses on learning activities that students are expected to perform. It refers to some parts
of the lesson, to the whole lesson, or even to a series of lessons.
Series of application can be: providing exercise for students to
practice strategies they learn, giving the task back to students and discusses again in the class, and offering the students the opportunity to
use the concept, skills, or strategies that they acquires throughout the lessons.
f. The Classroom as a Learning Environment CLE: the Contribution of
the Teacher
The teacher’s contribution in creating a learning environment contain of five elements of classroom as a learning environment which
are taken into account: teacher-student interaction, student-student
32
Ibid., p. 112.
33
Joseph Ciaccio, Totally Positive Teaching, Alexandria, USA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 2004, p. 69.
interaction, students’ treatment by the teacher, competition between students, and classroom disorder.
34
This strategy looks at different strategies that the teacher uses in order to keep different groups of
students involved in the classroom interactions.
Series of CLE can be: providing opportunity to learn and also time on task, assigning different students to answer the different questions,
recognizing all of the students’ names and characteristic, creating the classroom learning to compete each other in taking the score, giving
good feedback to students in order to provide constructive reaction, and building good interaction both on teacher to students and student to
other students.
g. Management of Time
In this study, management of time is considered as one of the most important indicators of teacher ability to manage classroom in an
effective way. The time management referres to the teacher organizes the lesson in such a way that makes student maximize and engage in the
tasks throughout the lesson.
Series of time management can be: maximizing students’ learning
time during the lesson, giving an opportunity to learn and time on task, and measuring the time allotment to different phases of the lesson.
h. Teacher Evaluation Assessment
The focus is measured by looking at the ability of teacher to use different ways of measuring student skills. Those are that teachers
collects some information about how to identify the needs of students, how to conduct self-
evaluation, how to adopt students’ long-term planning, how to use evaluation tasks as a starting point for teaching.
The stage is measured in terms of the period at which the evaluation tasks take place e.g., at the beginning, during, and at the end of a unit
of lessons.
35 34
Creemers and Kyriakides., loc. cit.
35
Ibid., pp.116-117
