the translator must also consider the style so that it sounds naturally. Those explanations above imply that translation involves two or more
languages and a translating act is reproducing the meaning of the source language SL text into the target language TL text. In addition, in translating a text,
meaning is the first thing a translator has to get because the most important thing of the translation text is what actually the translated text shares message to the
target reader.
b. Types of Translation
There are many classifications of translation types proposed by the experts. Those different types are influences by their different points of views or
translation. According to Jakobson in Venuti, 2000: 114, there are three kinds of translations: intralingual translation, interlingual translation, and intersemiotic
translation. Intralingual translation is a kind of translation where the verbal signs are
interpreted by means of other signs of the same language. In other words, there is only one language involved in this kind of translation. Paraphrasing a poem in the
same language and simplifying a novel are the examples of intralingual translation. Since it involves only one language, it is also called monolingual
translation. Interlingual translation is the translation which refers to different
languages, whether bilingual or multilingual. Here, the message of a language is transferred into different language. This is the kind of translation which is done
the most often. Translation of books, novel, and dubbing of movies are few
examples of interlingual translation. However, it is hard to get equivalent meaning, since the languages involved in the translation process have different
natures, structures, and characteristics. When it is impossible to transfer the meaning equivalence in an interlingual translation, the translator may use some
translation strategy, such as using adaptation, preservation, literal translation, and omission.
Intersemiotic translation refers to an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other sign of non-verbal sign systems. There is transfer of message from
the shapes of symbol and sign into the language or other shapes. This kind of translation oft
en occurs in people’s daily activity. Reading the newspapers, looking at the sign of traffic light, trying to understand the meaning of a picture
are the examples.
c. Translation Process
Translation process is the whole activity which is done by the translator when he or she transfers a message from source language into target language.
There are some steps need to be followed by the translator in the process of translating text. The translation process according to Nida and Taber can be
illustrated as follows. A Source
B Receptor Analysis
Restructuring
X Transfer
Y
Figure 1. Translation process by Nida and Taber 1982:33
According to Nida and Taber 1982: 33, the translation process consists of three stages, which are:
1 Analysis
Analysis of the source language text is the first step for the translator in the process of translation. The translator should have the knowledge and master in
linguistics and socio-cultural aspect of both languages. It is very crucial related to the analysis of the content of the whole text. The process of analyzing in term of
linguistic means that translator should master in terms of structure, language style, semantic, idiom, etc. which are used in the source language text.
The second is socio-cultural. It is crucial because the translation process is not only translating the language but also transferring the culture of the source
language text. Mastery in this term can help the translator to understand the message of the text and make translation work correctly.
2 Transfer
In this step the translator begins to translate the source language text into the receptor language or target language. The content of the message is transferred
from language A source language text into language B target language text. The translator must create the right equivalent for words, phrases, clauses, and
sentences of the source language into the target language. 3
Restructuring Restructuring is the final step where the translator makes some correction
and makes complete translation that realizes in the final message and fully acceptable text in the receptor language.
