Origins and destinations of returnees
4.5 Return from displacement
4.5.1 Origins and destinations of returnees
The migrant population that returned from displacement consists for three quarters of refugees returning from abroad and for one quarter of returning IDPs. The returning refugees originated for about two thirds from Pakistan and for one third from Iran. The residence type in these host countries differed markedly. Whereas in Iran the large majority of 83 percent lived in urban areas and the remaining mostly in rural areas, in Pakistan the place of residence was more equally distributed between urban areas 44 percent, refugee camps 33 percent and rural villages 23 percent Figure 4.15 . Figure 4.15: Returned refugees, by country of refuge, and by residence in country of refuge in percentages The province that provided refuge to the largest number of internally displaced households was Kabul for 35 percent, followed by Pansjher 10 percent and Balkh 9 percent. The province where most households returning from displacement – former refugee- and IDP households – ended up is Kabul, now the residence of 37 percent of all returnee households. Almost half 47 percent of the returned refugee households now live in Kabul. Other provinces with large shares of returnee households are Parwan 18 percent, Balkh 10 percent and Farah 7 percent. Figure 4.16 shows the timing of displacement and return of households that were displaced internally or abroad and have returned. The figure indicates that initially seeking refuge abroad was the strategy of most of these households and internal displacement occurred on a large scale only in the 1990s. The year 2002 marks a period of massive return. At a smaller scale, refugees continue to return, but the pool of IDP households that has not yet returned seems to have diminished. About one third of returned refugee households reported to have been assisted by UNHCR or another agency in their return to Afghanistan. The majority of them, however, mentioned to have returned spontaneously and 7 percent mentioned to have been deported from the hosting country. Returning IDP households almost all returned spontaneously. 23 15 20 44 83 58 33 2 22 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Pakistan Iran Total P er ce n tag e Country of refuge Rural Urban Camp 50 Figure 4.16: Displacement and return of returned displaced households, by year of movement, and by refugee-IDP status in thousands4.5.2 Living conditions of returnees
Parts
» ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Introduction Stakeholder involvement ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Questionnaire design ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Pilot training and pilot survey Training and selection of field staff
» Sampling design ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Field operations ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Analysis ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Comparability of results ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Data limitations Reporting ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Sex ratio Population structure
» Household structure Household composition
» Marital status distribution Marriage patterns
» The marriage age gap Polygamy
» Afghanistan’s migration context
» Internal recent migrants The stock of internal recent migrants
» Immigrants and immigration International migration
» The migration balance ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Origins and destinations of returnees
» Living conditions of returnees
» Introduction ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Labour force participation ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Overview of employment, underemployment and unemployment
» Comparison over time percent
» Characteristics of the employed and underemployed
» percent ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Characteristics of labour migrants
» Migrants’ labour market performance
» Prevalence of child labour and their conditions of work
» Causes and consequences of child labour
» Household chores and child labour
» Irrigated land Farming and horticulture
» Rain-fed land Farming and horticulture
» Farming input Farming and horticulture
» Horticulture Farming and horticulture
» Sale of animals and animal products Livestock production factors
» Introduction Introduction ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Measuring poverty trends using survey to survey imputation Growth and distribution
» Demographic characteristics Household head characteristics
» Characteristics of children in the household
» Conclusion ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Distribution by residence Distribution by region and province
» Characterisation by asset ownership Characterisation by demographics
» Harvest and lean season’s differences
» Sources of food items by main income source Sources of food items by season
» Coping with shocks ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Educational attendance in residence and gender perspective
» Developments in educational attendance
» Transitions in the education career
» School-life expectancy Population not attending education
» percent Educational attainment ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Literacy ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Sex Gender equity indicators percent percent percent
» Developments in literacy levels
» Sex Introduction ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Access to health services and care-seeking behaviour
» Maternal health ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» percent percent percent ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Breastfeeding ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Head of household In the ALCS 2013-
» Educational attainment The gender education gap
» Women in the labour force percent
» Decision making ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Seclusion ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Women and development ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Tenancy and dwelling characteristics
» Other household amenities percent
» percent CSO staff ICON Steering Committee
» Technical Advisory Committee Chapter authors
» Relationship to head of household Marital status 1 = Married
» Introduction Sample frame Sample size Stratification
» Cluster size and number of clusters Sampling stages and selection process
» Sample design implementation ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Resident population Calculation of sampling weights and post-stratification
» Weights variables The values of the final household sample weight hw
» Data ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Model development ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
» Model selection: cross-validation ALCS 2013 14 Main Report English 20151222
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