73
3.7.3 Sustainable Activities Identification
To measure whether the Benuaq Dayak natural resource management system is sustainable, the biodiversity richness inside each land use was measured. To measure the
Umaq land use biodiversity, plots of 20x20 meters were formed. All the plant and tree species found inside the plot were identified and counted. To measure the biodiversity
richness inside the Bengkar and Simpukng, transect methods were employed. This
method is initiated by randomly choosing one point at the land use field in order to start drawing an imaginary line in the field. A plot of 20 x 20 meters was formed at one side
of the imaginary line starting at the first random point. This plot was formed to count the
number of species of trees with diameters at breast height DBH of 25 cm or more. Inside each 20x20 meter plot, a plot of 10x10 meters was formed overlapping within the
first plot. The 10x10 meter plot was formed to count the species of trees with a DBH of 10 to 24 cm poles and saplings. Further, inside each 10x10 meter plot, a 2x2 meter plot
was formed overlapping within the second plot. The 2x2 meter plot was used to count the number of species seedlings. Three sets of plots or 9 plots in total were developed
along the imaginary line to survey the biodiversity richness inside each land use. The data results were compared to diversity richness at the concessionaire area, the plantation
area, and at the primary forest areas.
3.8 Analysis
3.8.1 Village Profile Consistency
Since the research was implemented at three different villages of the Benuaq Dayak, the question was raised of whether those three villages had similar characteristics
in terms of land use productivities, types of daily activities and varieties of incomes.
74 Similarity between the three villages was required to get a representative total economic
value for the Benuaq Dayak. To answer this question, the data from the survey was analyzed between and within the villages using Analysis of Variance ANOVA
facilitated by using the SPSS statistical program.
3.8.2 Sustainable Activities and Biodiversity
The estimated diversity within the land use is calculated by averaging the number of different plants of three plots. The average from every land use level then was used to
calculate a village average and averages for the three villages in the study. The data results were compared to diversity richness at the concessionaire area, the plantation area,
and at the primary forest areas.
3.8.3 Direct Use Value Concept
Direct use value is estimated by calculating the amount of direct extraction from natural resources and the associated value using a market price NRMP-USAIDa, 1996.
The direct value that the Benuaq Dayak extracted from their natural resources was measured by using the survey data results. The data of how much productivity occurs in
each land use and how often the yields were taken on a weekly basis were also analyzed. The data then were converted from the household-level to a village average on an
annualized basis. For justification purposes, the optimal data were developed by using how much yield from the total that the households sent to market. Using the number or
amount of the item that was sold and its price at the market, rounded as the total yield times the price, the optimal value for the item was derived. For example, to calculate the
total value of timber production per household, the following formula is used:
75
Timber value per household = amount of timber extracted x market price.
To calculate the total direct use value from the forest for the household, the following formula is used:
Total DUV = { Σtimber value+non timber value+ …+Xn value} – annual labor
costhhvillage Where the annual labor cost = total labor x labor daysperson x labor rate x
proportional use 0.27
Proportional use of 27 percent was cited from the SHK village monograph 2000
data year. The percentage was calculated from the total labor days and the real traditional labor days. The net present value NPV for DUV = DUVr, where r is the discount rate
that expresses the economic situation in Indonesia over time. The common discounted rate that is usually applied by the Indonesian government or international publications is
15 percent. The direct use value estimation per village was calculated based on an average per household in the village multiplied by the total household population in the
village. The use value that was used for the total economic calculation was calculated by using the average of the estimated use value data from the three villages. The formula for
this calculation is:
Estimated DUV from three villages=DUVTepulang+DUV Benung+DUVDingin3
To use the simple formula estimation above, the assumptions in table 3.2 are applied:
Estimate of annual labor cost rupiahhhvillage 2,3 x 300 x 16,000 x 27 =
2,980,800
76 Table 3.2 Model Assumptions
General assumption: Discount
rate: 15
Exchange rate RpU.S. 9,000.00
Land area, population, and household size: Study area
Tepulang Benung Dingin
Total study
area size
ha 3,782
3,880 39,000
Total households hh 64
54 233
Total population 245
257 960
Average hh size 3.83 4.76 3.60
Labor assumptions: Total labor per hh 15age65
2.3 Labor daysperson 50 weeks x 6 days work
300 Wage labor rate rupiahday
16,000 source : SHK village monographs data from 2000 and 2002 survey results
3.9 Study Variables
Kategori