13 language and art p.85. According to Yalden 1987, pp. 101-145 there are eight
8 steps in constructing a communicative syllabus. The steps are stated as follows.
1. Need Survey
Need survey provides all of information which are related to the learner’s characteristics, learner’s needs, learner’s motivations, and communication
requirements. The process of gathering all of the information is used to establish and accept the objectives.
2. The Description of Purpose
After all information in the need survey is completed, the next step is description of the purpose. According to Yalden, the purpose of this stage is to
clarify the purpose of language program and establish the foundation for the major decision facing the language course designer when the designer of certain
educational plan arrives at choices of a syllabus.
3. The Choice of a Syllabus Type
The third stage is the choice of a syllabus type. This stage is conducted when the general category of a language program has been decided. Yalden
1987, pp.86-87 describes that there are some components of a communicative syllabus. They are stated as follows.
a. The purpose for which the learners wish to acquire the target language.
b. The setting in which the learners will want to use the target language physical
aspects need to be considered, as well as social setting. c.
The role in which the learners will assume in the target language.
14 d.
The communicative events in which the learners will participate. e.
The language function involved in communicative events, or what the learners will need to be able to do with or through the language.
f. The notion involved, or what the learners will need to be able to talk about.
g. The skills involved in the “knitting together” of discourse: discourse and
rhetorical skills. h.
The variety or varietes of the target language that will be needed, and the levels in the spoken and written language which the learners will need to
reach. i.
The grammatical content that will be needed. j.
The lexical content that will be needed.
4. Production of a proto-syllabus
In this step the content of syllabus will have the preparation of syllabus specification. It means that it may cover general notions, discourse and rhetorical
skills, variety of language, and communicative events.
5. Production pedagogical syllabus
