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3. Future researchers. This study will have benefit for future research in a sense of developing in
more depth the exercises designed in this study and find another entertain medium to learn English at the same time.
F. Definition of Terms
The study uses terms that can be elaborated, as follows. 1. Hot Potatoes Software
Hot Potatoes is a software that can be developed as an electronic media to learn English. According to the author, Arneil, Holmes, and Street 1998-2004,
the aim of the software is to enable the user to create interactive Web-based teaching exercises which can be delivered to any internet-connected computer
equipped with a browser. The authors explain that the users do not need to pay attention on the formula to run the programs. It is because the authors just need to
insert the exercises into the programs. There are five main programs in this software, namely J-Quiz program, J-Cloze program, J-Cross program, J-Mix
program, and J-Match program. 2. Independent Learning
According to Philip Candy 1991, independent learning is a process, a method and a philosophy of education whereby a learner acquires knowledge by
his or her own efforts and develops the ability for enquiry and critical evaluation Mind over Matter section, para. 1. This study uses independent learning method
because it requires the students to do the exercises by themselves. They explore
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their knowledge that they already have and try to use their knowledge to solve problems.
3. SMK Sanjaya Pakem It is a vocational school located at Kaliurang Street Km. 17, Pakem,
Sleman, Yogyakarta. This school specializes in accounting and office
administration. The writer had conducted her Program Pengalaman Lapangan in this school in June-September 2010. There are three kinds of classes in each
grade, namely Akuntansi class, Administrasi Perkantoran class, and Penjualan class. The design aimed to all classes in the first grade.
4. The Students of SMK Sanjaya Pakem The students are in the first grade of SMK Sanjaya Pakem. There are three
clasess, namely Akuntasi Class, Administrasi Perkantoran Class, and Penjualan Class. Most of them are in the low level of basic grammar comprehension
focusing on basic tenses. This fact might be the reason why they have not had high achievement, in English learning.
5. Tenses This study focuses on the learning about simple present and simple past
tense. Azar 1989 defines that in general, the simple present expresses events or situations that exist always, usually, habitually; they exist now, have existed in the
past, and probably will exist in the future p. 2. It is defined also that the simple past express events happened at one particular time in the past; it began and
ended in the past. According to the curriculum applied in SMK Sanjaya Pakem,
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the two kinds of tenses are taught in the first semester to the first grade students of SMK Sanjaya Pakem.
6. Exercises
Brown 2004 says that formal assessments are exercises or procedures
specifically designed to tap into a storehouse of skills and knowledge p. 6. This study deals with collection of exercises which are stated in a computer program.
The purpose of the exercises is to measure how far the students achieve the knowledge that has been taught in a certain period of time. This study is focused
on exercises related to the learning of tenses.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
