focused in protagonist’s fate. Pickering also says that antagonist is difficult to identify, especially if the character is not human being 20.
c. Theory of Characterization
Rohrberger and Woods state that characterization is a process where the author creates a character that must be credible 20. They also add that characters
have particular personalities and physical attributes that distinguish them from other characters. Wellek and Warren explains that characterization is a process in
creating a character with some features, in this case, a characterization considered as a process in combining a type of characteristic and the individual in human life
32. Murphy defines nine ways used by the author to develop the
characterization 161-173. They are personal description, character as seen by another, speech, past life, conversation of others, reactions, direct comment,
thought, and mannerism. First of all is personal description. Here, the author tells the reader about
his or her characters directly through the person’s appearance and clothes. Second is character as seen by another. The author describes the character through other
character’s opinion. Third is speech. Through this way, the author can give clues to the readers about a person’s character through what he or she says when he or
she speaks in a conversation with others, or gives an opinion. Fourth is past life. The author describes the person’s character through the
events in the past that can shape or influence his or her character in the present.
Fifth is conversation of others. Here, the author gives the readers clues to a person’s character through the conversation of other people and what they say
about him or her. Sixth is reaction. The author also gives the reader clues to a person’s character through how the person reacts to various situation and events.
Seventh is direct comment. Here, the author illustrates or comments on a person’s character directly. Eighth is thought. The author gives the readers direct
knowledge of what a person’s character is thinking about. The last way is mannerism. The author describes a person’s mannerism, or habit that may tell the
readers something about hisher character.
2. Theory of Psychology
This part defines about human needs that include love as one need that human have. Besides, this part also provides the theory about death and loss
which explains how death and loss influence people who are left behind. This part is also completed by the theory on how people cope with their stress, theory of
adjustment, and theory of symptoms of non-normal behavior.
a. Hierarchy of Human Needs
Murray as quoted by Hall and Lindzey defines a need as a construct which stands for a force in brain region, a force which organizes perception,
apperception, intellection, conation, and action in such a way as to transform in a certain direction an existing, unsatisfying situation 172. Theory of human needs
is used to identify the needs which cannot be fulfilled completely in the main characters’ life after experiencing the absence of love.
