Fifth is conversation of others. Here, the author gives the readers clues to a person’s character through the conversation of other people and what they say
about him or her. Sixth is reaction. The author also gives the reader clues to a person’s character through how the person reacts to various situation and events.
Seventh is direct comment. Here, the author illustrates or comments on a person’s character directly. Eighth is thought. The author gives the readers direct
knowledge of what a person’s character is thinking about. The last way is mannerism. The author describes a person’s mannerism, or habit that may tell the
readers something about hisher character.
2. Theory of Psychology
This part defines about human needs that include love as one need that human have. Besides, this part also provides the theory about death and loss
which explains how death and loss influence people who are left behind. This part is also completed by the theory on how people cope with their stress, theory of
adjustment, and theory of symptoms of non-normal behavior.
a. Hierarchy of Human Needs
Murray as quoted by Hall and Lindzey defines a need as a construct which stands for a force in brain region, a force which organizes perception,
apperception, intellection, conation, and action in such a way as to transform in a certain direction an existing, unsatisfying situation 172. Theory of human needs
is used to identify the needs which cannot be fulfilled completely in the main characters’ life after experiencing the absence of love.
As quoted by Kalish, Maslow shows his hierarchy of human needs. According to Maslow, there is a tendency to “become more and more what one
uniquely is”, to become everything that one is capable of becoming. This concept implies that people have a desire, or a need, to make something of themselves to
do as much as their potential allows 35-48. There are seven levels of needs shown by Maslow. The first need is
physiological need. Maslow divides physiological need into survival need and stimulation need. Survival need includes those produced by hunger, thirst, fatigue,
temperature regulation demands, and pain avoidance 35. Stimulation need, including the need for sex, activity, exploration, manipulation, and novelty, does
not appear necessary for personal survival 39. The fourth need according to Maslow is safety and security needs. Aiken
states that safety and security needs are needs to be secured and out of danger 115. Maslow defines that everyone needs to feel safe from such harm as meeting
with physical violence, having things he values taken away, or losing the care of parents or other protectors 43.
Fifth is love and belonging needs. Aiken defines that love and belonging needs are needs to be with others and to be accepted by them 115. People with
unsatisfied need for love or belonging to a group may go to great lengths to satisfy this need even at the cost of their self-esteem Kalish, 44. The needs of love and
belonging include motives such as love and affection. As this need dominates, we feel a desire for friends, family, and social contact. As quoted by Pettijohn, if we
