is intellectual determinant. Intelligence makes people able to meet and solve the problems adjustment to life requirements. The adjustment here means how a person
can adapt well to the situation of hisher environment. Whether a person is successful or not in adjusting to life is based on how he uses his intellectual ability.
The third is emotional determinant. Emotions color individual’s life in relation to the perception of himself and his environment and affect his behavior. The fourth is
social determinant. Every social group has its own standards to every person who wants to be the member of the group. The member is expected to play and approve
the role of a social group. The fifth is aspirations and achievements determinant. In this part, achievements are used as the parameters to measure the quality of people.
How the person evaluates himself and how others evaluate him affect his personality. The sixth is sex determinant. The effects of sexuality come from the
sex hormones that influence the growth rate of the individual, the body formation and functioning, and quality of behavior. The seventh is educational determinant.
Educational institutions bring some effects to the development of one’s personality. It is because children in their early life spend more time in school than other places.
The eighth is family determinant. Family influences the personality development of a person by communication, behavior patterns, unconscious imitation of attitude,
etc. From the eight determinants proposed by Hurlock, the writer adopts one
determinant that is emotional determinant. The direct effects of the emotion on personality come from social judgments on how the person controls his emotion.
Emotion can build pleasure to a person’s life and attract a motivation to improve his social and personal adjustment. On the other hand, emotion can make life sorrowful
and therefore, the person will fail to adjust life. Here, the writer adopts this determinant because the writer sees that Sister Regina’s personality development is
affected by her emotion especially her experiences in facing her community and problems.
2.3.3 Freudian Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis is a science of personality. It is all about the theory of personality. The pioneer of psychoanalysis is Freud Sigmund 1856-1939. The
psychoanalysis theories that are discussed here include instinct, the major systems of personality; Id, Ego, and superego; the conscious, and the unconscious.
Based on Freud, there are three major systems of personality such as id, ego, and superego. The seat of the instinct is the Id. According to Freud, as cited by Hall
1954: 39, the Id is the center of instinctual drives. Here, instinct is defined as an inborn condition which imparts direction to psychological processes. An instinct is
like a river that flows along a particular river way. Jung 1948: 271 says that instincts have their unconscious motives, their infirmity and regularity in common
with the reflexes. The Id can also be said as an inner world that exists before the individual has experience of the external world. The ego is the executive or the
strategy of the personality. Freud 1993: 161 says that the ego is the agency which represents the subject’s identifications and mediation with the external reality.
Meanwhile, the superego, which represents internalized parental and social injunctions or the conscience, consists of standards 1993:163-164. It is part of
personality that portrays the moral standards of the society. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
To Freud, mental life is divided into three levels; the conscious, the preconscious and the unconscious. Consciousness is the psychological term
commonly used to indicate a state of awareness of self and environment. It is defined as those mental elements in awareness at any given point in time. It is the
only level of mental life directly available to us. Psychoanalytic suggests that much of our behavior is motivated by unconscious influences. Unconsciousness relates to
phenomena that we are unaware of and cannot become aware except under special circumstances.
The concept of the unconscious suggests that there are aspects of our functioning of which we are not fully aware. According to Freud, as cited by Feist
2006: 24, unconscious contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness but that nevertheless motivate most of our words, feelings, and
actions. For example, a man may not fully understand all the reasons for the attraction, some of which may even seem irrational.
This study focuses on the instinct and the unconscious mental life proposed by Freud. Here, the story includes maternal instincts that grow unconsciously in the
main character. By using these theories, it helps this study to analyze the instinct that changes Sister Regina’s personality.
2.4 Criticism
In doing the analysis of my study, the writer gathers some criticisms on LaVyrle Spencer’s Then Came Heaven in order to get a better understanding of the
novel. Criticism does not always mean bad; furthermore it can be compliment towards the literary work.
