individual distinct from others. 2. Development
In Human Development 1961:22, Pikunas defines “development” as a series of sequential changes in an organism to lead to its maturity as a result of experience. In
this study, “development” refers to the increasing of the maturity as the result of the maturity and better understanding.
3. Personality Development According to International Encyclopedia of Psychology 1996:1228, “personality”
is defined as the unique combination of thought, feeling, and behavior that make individual distinct from others. Pikunas 1961: 22 defines development as a series
of sequential changes in an organism to lead to its maturity as a result of experience. In this study, development refers to the increasing of the maturity as the result of the
maturity and better understanding. Therefore, personality development can be said as a process of a person in adjusting to hisher world, hisher feelings, hisher value,
hisher problems, and the ways in which shehe deals with these problems. Sister Regina’s personality development happens when she tries to adjust herself to her
world, feelings, value, problems during her doubt. 4. Maternal Instinct
According to Oxford English Reference Dictionary 2003: 891, “maternal” is defined as ‘of or like mother’. Besides, “instinct” is defined as similar behavior in
human beings to act without conscious intention p. 731. In addition, according to Deutsch 1937: 2, motherhood is the expression not only of a biologic process but
also of a psychologic unity that epitomizes numerous individual experiences PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
memories, wishes and fears that have preceded the real experience by many years. Therefore, “maternal instinct” is said as an unconscious motherly act that happens
in human being. This study discusses about the maternal instinct growing up in Sister Regina’s personality.
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter is divided into five parts. The first part is Theory of Critical Approach, the second part is Theory of Literature, the third part is Theory of
Psychology, the fourth part is Criticism, and the fifth part is Theoretical Framework.
2.1 Theory of Critical Approach
Novel is one of literary works that offers us not only pleasure but also knowledge and values that it implies. To get knowledge of the meaning that it
implies, it is important for us to broaden our knowledge so that we could understand the novel deeper. More than that, a novel also contains characters that are usually a
reflection of human’s real life. Therefore, in the novel we can get knowledge of the psychology side such as personality from its main character’s personality.
To understand deeper about the main character’s personality development, in this case is Sister Regina, we need some approaches to analyze the novel. There
are five kinds of critical approaches stated by Rohrberger and Woods 1971: 6-15. They classify several approaches that can be used in analyzing literary works.
There are five approaches. The first is formalist approach, which investigates the work of literature itself. The second is biographical approach,
which focuses on the author’s personality, life, and development to understand the social structure or way of life of the author so that the readers can draw conclusions
and better understand the story. The third is socio cultural historical approach,
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which investigates place or society that is reflected in the literary work. The fourth is mythopoeic approach, which emphasizes the universal patterns of human
behavior and thought underlying literary work. The last is psychological approach, which reflects life and representation of human motivation and behavior. Here, the
psychological approach is used to discover and demonstrate certain repetitive patterns; hence, from the knowledge of psychology, the critics who apply this
approach to dissect literary works use psychological theories to explain human motivation, personality, and behavior pattern written in literary objects. The
approach finds what the work tells us about the human mind and involves the effort to locate and demonstrate certain recurrent pattern. Thus, the knowledge of
psychological fields is in order to study further some kinds of literary works. To conduct the analysis of this novel, the writer uses psychological approach
based on the theory of psychology. Rohrberger 1971: 5 says that psychological approach analyzes a novel based on theory of psychology. This approach analyzes
the characters described in the novel deeper through the lens of psychology. The writer uses psychological approach to analyze the main character, Sister Regina,
more deeply so that it helps to understand the character through her personality. Further discussion on the theory of psychology is put on section 2.3 p. 13.
2.2 Theory of Literature
This part consists of theory of character and theory of characterization.
2.2.1 Theory of Character
Theory of character discusses two main things. Those are definition and kinds of character from some writers.
