Figure 4.4 Distribution of Blends with Two Splinters
Based on the result of the data, there are 252 blends with clipping which fit into the first type which is named as type C. The examples of type C are
ginormous gìgantic x enormous, chofa chair x sofa, bleen blue x green, blellow blue x yellow, stagflation stagnation x inflation,
broccoflower broccoli x cauliflower, beaulicious beautyful x delicious, and democratatorship democracy x dictatorship. In ginormous gìgantic x
enormous, there is a combination of two splinters gi and normous. Next, the blend broccoflower broccoli x cauliflower combines splinter of SW1 brocco
and splinter of SW2 flower. Blends with clipping and overlapping which belong to the first type have
both clipped and overlapped segments. It retains the first and last part of both SW1 and SW2. There are 166 blends which fall into this category. This category
is called type OV2a. Some examples of this category are dramedy drama x comedy, cafetorium cafeteria x auditorium, advertorial advertisement x
editorial, lupper lunch x supper, advermation advertisement x information, advertorial advertisement x editorial, apronym appropriate
252 166
63 5
50 100
150 200
250 300
clipping clipping and overlapping
first + last first + first
x acronym, blook blog x book, brogrammer brother x programmer, boxercise boxing x exercise, briet bridal x diet, cafetorium cafeteria x
auditorium, chexting
cheating x
texting, carbohydratarian
carbohydrates x vegetarian, confuzzled confused x puzzled, computent computer x competent, collabulary collaborative x vocabulary, and
crape cranberry x grape.
Blends of the second type which combine first parts of both source words are very limited. There are only 63 blends with clipping type D and 5 blends
with clipping and overlapping type OV2b. The examples of blends which belong to type D are desknote desktop x notebook, fanfic fanatic x
fiction, mutagen mutation x genesis, lecdem lecture x demonstration, and lapdesk laptop x desktop.
In blends of type OV2b, there are similar segments between the last part of first splinter and first part of second splinter. Accordingly, they join together and
become blends. The examples are duralumin durablex aluminium, hydrail hydrogen x railway, lesbro lesbian x brother, codec coder x
decoder, and modem modulator x demodulator.
2. Noncontiguous Blends
As mentioned previously, the finding reveals that the composition of blends can be performed by contiguous and noncontiguous parts. Since the first type has
been discussed in the previous section, this section is going to discusses blends with noncontiguous segments, henceforth noncontiguous blends.
Results show that blends can be acted upon another derivation process, namely affixation. According to Plag 2003: 107, blends in nature are considered
as the result of a derivation process which does not need affixes to produce a new lexeme. Therefore, it is called derivation without affixation. However, according
to the finding, the particular formation of blends may use affixes. The affixes used in blends are infixes and interfixes. However, the number of this pattern is limited.
In this regard, blends are not only performed by combining and deleting elements as in regular combining patterns of blends, but also inserting elements as in
infixation and interfixation. Since this kind of formation involves the process of inserting elements, it is henceforth called inserting blends. Inserting blends in this
study is similar to infixation and interfixation. It means that blends with infixation have inserted elements placed in the middle of one source word, while blends with
interfixation have linking elements which join SW1 and SW2. Based on the data, inserting blends are divided into two types. The first type
is inserting blends in which an “infix” is inserted in the middle of either of source
words. It is henceforth called blends with infixation. The inserted elements in this type are called infixes. The second type is inserting blends in which an
“interfix” is inserted between two elements in blends. Henceforth, it is called blends with
interfixation. The inserted elements are called interfixes. The following sections provide the descriptions of these two types of inserting blends.
a. Blends with Infixation
After examining the data, the researcher found 17 blends which belong to blends with infixation. Infixation is closely related to inserting elements to the
base. However, this type of inserting blends is called blends with infixation because it resembles the process of infixation in the word-formation process.
Szymanek 1989: 65 defines infixation as “a morphological process whereby a
bound morpheme inflection or derivational is inserted into the base form usually, into a root-
morpheme”. Thus, in this process, an infix is inserted in the middle of a word. Infixation is habitually found in compounds rather than in
blends. The examples of infixation in compounds are al-bloody-mighty and kanga-bloody-roo. From these examples, it can be seen that that the lexeme
bloody is inserted into the words almightly and kangaroo to make compounds al- bloody-mighty and kanga-bloody-roo Szymanek, 1989: 65
The realization of infixation in blends is quite different from the regular rule of infixation
in “normal” words. In blends, deleting process preserves in order to keep the nature of blends, in which it combines words and deletes parts of them.
Therefore, the infixation in blends consists of two processes such as deleting elements of one source word and then inserting elements of another.
Blends with infixation can be explained as follows. SW1 acts as a base form wh
ich an “infix” is inserted into, while SW2 acts as an “infix” which is inserted in the middle of SW1. As the compensation of the loss of parts of SW1, the second
word must substitute the omitted part. Through this process, the second word acts as an
“infix”. The following table 4.2 gives information about blends with infixation and the morphological process which is in charge.
