Benefits of the Study

in the formation of English blends. More explanations on how these studies were conducted will be presented on the following sections.

a. Hong’s Study on Properties of English Word-blends

This study was conducted by Sung-Hoon Hong 2004. Hong used 445 data collected from portal websites such as www.google.com and www.yahoo.com and also a dictionary of portal website such as www.onelook.com. This study attempted to provide the description of the important structural properties of English blends. Chiefly, Hong‟s study involved both morphological and phonological analysis. In the morphological analysis, Hong categorized blends according to the pattern of combination when two source words joined together. In the phonological analysis, Hong examined the prosodic structures of blends such as length and stress. There were two important points obtained in the study which were essential in the formation of English blends. The first point dealt with combining patterns of blends. According to Algeo 1977 as cited in Hong 2004: 119, blends were likely to be either „contiguous‟ and „noncontiguous‟. He mentioned that contiguous blends included contiguous segments which retained in blends, while noncontiguous blends consisted of implanted segments which might be put in the middle of another. He provided some examples of noncontiguous blends such as askility ability x skill and destarture departure x start. Furthermore, Hong 2004: 120 summarized patterns of combination proposed by three older researchers into a set of comprehensive category of blends. In his paper, he reviewed three combining patterns in a chronological order according to the year: Algeo ‟s 1977, Soudek‟s 1978, and Lehler‟s 1998. These three combining patterns are presented in following Table 2.1. Table 2.1 Combining Patterns of Blends: Hong 2004: 122 Algeo 1977 Soudek 1978 Lehler 1996 Examples Blends with overlapping Overlapping blends 0 splinter whole + whole anecdotage = anecdote + dotage Blends with overlapping and clipping 1 splinter whole + splinter steelionaire = steel + millionaire splinter + whole animule = animal + mule 2 splinters splinter + splinter motel = motor + hotel Blends with clipping Concatenated blends 1 splinter whole + splinter fanzine = fan + magazine splinter + whole Eurasia = Europe + Asia 2 splinters splinter + splinter brunch = breakfast + lunch According to Algeo 1977 as cited in Hong 2004: 120, English blends were classified into three major categories which can be seen in Table 2.1. The first category contained blends with clipping. Blends with clipping occured if one part or more was deleted. This pattern was divided into three types. First, the whole part of the first word joined together with the last part of the second word fanzine = fan + magazine. Second, the first part of the first word combined with the whole part of the second word Eurasia = Europe + Asia. Third, the first part of the first word combined with the last part of the second word brunch = breakfast + lunch. The second category proposed by Algeo 1977 as cited in Hong 2004: 120 included blends with overlapping. In blends with overlapping, the last part of the first source word overlaped the first part of the