Definition of Terms INTRODUCTION
Algeo 1977 as cited in Lee 2014: 1301 stated that blends were usually used in informal discourse as slang or as words which appear only once in certain
discourse, so that people did not pay much attention for being listed in dictionary. In addition, some scholars also regarded blending as an unpredictable and
uninteresting word-formation process. Bauer 1988: 39 as cited in Bat-El 1996: 283 said
“in most cases…the new word is created from parts of two other words, with no apparent principles guiding the way in which the two original words are
mutilated”. Referring to that statement, it was obvious that Bauer expressed his attitude that blending was irregular word-formation process. Lappe Plag 2012:
3 who had collected previous research on blending stated that many scholars also treated blending as irregular word-formation process. Some other scholars who
treated blending as an unpredictable word-formation process according to Lappe Plag 2012: 3 were Marchand 1969 and Cannon 1986. Nevertheless, Lappe
Plag 2012: 3 also mentioned that there were some researchers which treated blending as a regular word-formation process, namely Kubozono 1990, Bat-El
2006, Bat-El Cohen 2012, Bauer 2012, and Gries 2004; 2012. Treating blending as a regular word-formation process, many studies had
been conducted to examine the regularity of blends. In addition to morphological structure of English blends, some studies were focused on examining the
phonological structure of English blends. According to Lappe Plag 2012: 6, scholars who studied the prosodic structure are Cannon 1986, Kubozono 1990,
Gries 2004, Pineros 2004, Bat-El 2006, and Bauer 2012. As stated in Lappe Plag 2012: 6-7, they were specifically interested in investigating length and
stress of blends which determined the structure of blends. In terms of length, Bat-
El 2006 proposed that the length of blend was identical to the length of second source word, while Bauer 2012 gave the idea that the length of blends might not
be longer than the second source words Lappe Plag, 2012: 6. Kubozono 1990 claimed that the length of blends was likely to be minimally as long as the
length of second source words and his claim was supported by Gries 2004 who presented the similar idea cited in Lappe Plag, 2012: 7. Meanwhile, Cannon
1986 as cited in Lappe Plag 2012: 7 stated that the length of blend was equivalent to the length of the longer one of two source words.
In terms of stress, Lappe Plag 2012: 7 had listed a number of researchers who had conducted research in this area. Cannon 1986, cited in
Lappe Plag 2012: 7 proposed that the stress of the longer source word determined the main stress of the resulting blend. Bat-El 1996, Fischer 1998,
and Bauer 2012 as cited in Lappe Plag 2012: 7 stated that stress of resulting blends was equivalent to stress of second source words. According to Lappe
Plag 2012: 7, the similar result occured to Spanish blends which were examined by Pineros 2004, which showed that blends in Spanish resembled the prosodic
structure of second source words. Gries 2004 supported these claims by mentioning that the stress of blends tended to be equivalent to the stress of the
second source word Lappe Plag, 2012: 7. Furthermore, there are two studies which are going to be overviewed. These
two studies conducted research on blending with different data, sources, and techniques. The first study was conducted by Hong 2004. He focused on
morphological and prosodic structure of English blends. The second study was conducted by Lappe Plag 2012. They focused on the role of prosodic structure
in the formation of English blends. More explanations on how these studies were conducted will be presented on the following sections.