44 seven types of meaning as the basis of the study. However, Krisnawati did not go to
the analysis of contextual meaning and semantic properties as what the writer did.
2.3 Theoretical Framework
There are four main points the writer presented in theoretical framework, in which he adopted three theories for his study:
1. The writer conducts a componential analysis by searching the verb run which has the same domain. The domain here refers to the motionmovement verb. Nida
1975:32 says that in order to analyze any referential meaning, we must identify the features that distinguish the meaning of any one form from every other form
which might compete for a place within the same semantic territory.
2.
The writer conducts a contrastive analysis. Nida 1975:68 highlights that in order to determine the meaning of any lexical unit, from the level of a morpheme to the
level of an entire discourse, it is essential to establish the basis of contrast. To do so effectively, those units must be closely related and the meanings should be on
the same hierarchical level and share the greatest number of common components. In this step, the writer makes positive-negative statements designed
to call attention to the distinctive differences. 3. The writer conducts a contextual analysis. Nida 1975:137 states that in order to
understand the procedural problems involved in the classification of different types of meaning, it is useful to analyze a rather extensive series of contexts
containing the same lexical unit. In this step, the writer puts the verb run into its context by looking the meaning from the dictionary. The dictionary used by the
45 writer is Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English published by Longman in
2001. 4. The writer conducted an analysis on contrastive features related. Having seen the
meaning, example in a sentence and the context, the writer then determines the semantic properties related to the conceptual meaning of the verb run when it is
put beyond the conceptual meaning. The result is presented in the table. The first two steps are conducted in order to answer of the first question in this study,
i.e. to find the semantic properties of the conceptual meaning of the verb run when it is compared with the verbs race, gallop, and sprint. The last two steps are conducted
to answer the second question, i.e. to find out the semantic properties related to the conceptual meaning of the verb run when it is put beyond the conceptual meaning.
46
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methodology of the study. First, it will discuss the research method employed in this study. Second, it will present the data source and
how they were gathered. After that, it is followed by description of how the data were processed. The last part of this chapter will explain the data analysis.
3.1 Research Method
According to Johnson 1992, research is cumulative in the sense that researchers attempt to build on and improve upon previous work. Research is an
attempt to reveal the nature of natural phenomenon or the use of the natural phenomenon.
As stated in the previous chapter, this study attempts to answer two questions, namely
„What are the semantic properties of the conceptual meaning of the verb run when it is compared with the verb race, gallop, and sprint
?‟ and „What semantic properties are related to the conceptual meaning of the verb run when it is
put beyond the conceptual meaning? ‟ In order to obtain those two major goals, the
most appropriate method is a dictionary analysis. The writer used single dictionary which provides information on the meaning of words.
Every dictionary has its own definition variation of the lexical items. However, all dictionaries give meanings including their derivatives, compounds,
idioms as well as verbs with their particle or preposition. In this study, the writer used Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English published by Longman in 2001. The
writer has chosen this dictionary as it provides the contextual meanings clearly and is already classified in sequence from its semantic domain.
