90 previous sentence The professor ran on
the lecture until 11 o’clock, an hour later than expected. Those semantic properties are agent, objective and manner.
The fifth meaning of phrasal verb run over is „to overflow‟. If a container runs
over, there is so much liquid inside that some flows out. Thus, the context given in this meaning is dealing with substance, especially liquid. In a sentence He forgot to
turn off the water pump so that the water ran over the floor, there are three semantic properties related. The first is the inanimate agent, i.e. the water. The second is
objective which refers to without intention. As he forgot to turn off the water pump, he did it unintentionally. The third semantic property related is manner which refers
to continuity as well as speed. When the water is running over, it is flowing continuously until it stops when there is a barrier. It can flow either fast or slowly.
4.2.2.14 Phrasal Verb RUN THROUGH
When the verb run is put in phrasal verb run through, it has four different meanings. The first meaning is very close with run over
, which means „to repeat something so that one can remember it or get better at it‟. It gives the context of
lesson or material. In a sentence example Let’s run through the first scene again, there
are three semantic properties related, the same as in phrasal verb run over, i.e. agent, objective and manner.
The second meaning of phrasal verb run through is closely related with the first one as it gives the same con
text, i.e. lesson or material. The meaning is „to read, look at, or explain something quickly‟. In a sentence The teacher just ran through the
previous lessons with the absentees, there are three semantic properties related. The first is agent which refers to the teacher. The second is objective which belongs to
91 intended purpose. The teacher aimed to explain again the previous lessons to the
absentees. The third property related is manner which belongs to speed and continuity. As it is defined that run through means to explain something quickly, the
speed in „manner‟ semantic property refers to fast activity. The continuity refers to one instant event. The teacher just went through the lessons once and briefly.
The third meaning of phrasal verb run through i s „to be present in many parts
of something or continue through it‟. It gives the context of art work or society issue. In the context of art work, the example of a sentence is The theme of love runs
through the whole books he writes. From this sentence, there are two semantic properties related, i.e. agent and manner. The agent refers to inanimate agent, i.e. the
theme of love and the manner refers to continuous event. The writer uses the theme of love continuously throughout his art works.
From the context of society, we can see the example in a sentence The superstition of black cat keeps running through our society till now. This sentence
also gives two semantic properties. The first is agent which refers to the superstition of black cat inanimate agent. The second property is manner which belongs to
continuous event. The fourth meaning of phrasal verb run through
is „to push a sword completely through someone‟. It gives the context of crime or murder, as in the
sentence The musketeer ran his enemy through with a sword and killed them. In a given sentence, there are four semantic properties related, i.e. agent, objective,
manner and tool. The agent refers to the musketeer as animate agent. The objective
92 belongs to the intended purpose. The manner refers to one instant action and fast
speed. The tool refers to a sword as device or instrument.
4.2.2.15 Phrasal Verb RUN TO
