56 intention. But when a horse is galloping in a horse-race, it has a distinct purpose.
When one is sprinting, he might do it for self-practice or he is in a sprinting competition. Thus, it has clear purpose.
4.1.3 Agent or Experiencer
Agent is an argument that brings about a state of affairs. In other words we can say that agent is the doer of certain activities. Given example of a sentence The boys
caught some fish, the agent or the doer is „the boys‟. Experiencer is an argument that
undergoes a sensory, cognitive, or emotional experience. In a sentence The rhesus monkey had never seen snow before, the experiencer is
„the rhesus monkey‟ that undergoes cognitive experience. In a sentence Many people fear snakes, the
experiencer is „Many people‟ that undergo emotional experience. In the semantic
properties, the writer presented both agent and experiencer as a single unit. The writer distinguished the agent or experiencer into animate and inanimate.
The inanimate will be discussed later considering that it will create different meanings from the denotative one. To make it clearer, what the writer means by baby
is a very young child who has not yet learned to speak or walk and the age ranges from 0 until 2 years. A baby can crawl but he cannot run, walk, gallop or sprint.
However, as baby can crawl, there is a baby crawling competition. Thus, the writer assigned + for the verb race. A toddler, a very young child who is just learning to
walk, may run and race, but not gallop or sprint. Although he has just learnt to walk, it is possible that he might run or totter in a short distance. He might also join walking
competition for toddler. A child is any age between five to twelve. He can run and race, e.g. running race. If the child is between five to six, it is unlikely that he could
57 gallop or sprint, but he can run or race in a competition, for example quick and smart
race for school subject competition. When the child is between seven until twelve, it is likely that he could gallop or sprint considering that the coordination systems in his
body are well established. Thus, the writer assigned + and - for gallop and sprint for child. For adult, he can perform all actions, i.e. run, race, gallop and sprint. As
the adult becomes elderly, the ability to perform the movement action is decreasing. An older person might still be able to run, although it is just in a short distance. The
physical condition will also determine one‟s ability to perform it. Thus, the writer assigned both + and - for run. Likewise, some elderly might still be able to
perform certain race, such as cycling race. However, elderly will not be able to gallop. As the activity of sprint involves running, the writer also assigned both +
and - . It has been stated before that it depends on the elderly‟s physical condition to
perform that action. When the agent or experiencer is non-human, it may refer to a baby animal or
an adult animal. A baby animal can be described as a newly born animal aged less than an hour. It can walk or crawl, but it cannot run, race, gallop or sprint. For all
adult animal, it can run using their feet. Some animals, especially pets can join certain race, for example horses galloping race or quick and smart dog race. An adult animal,
particularly four legged animal is able to gallop properly. As sprint also involves running performance, all adult animals are capable to perform it well.
4.1.4 Distance
