88 are three semantic properties related. The first is the agent which refers to the
contract, as inanimate agent. The second is objective which refers to intended purpose. We may also view objective as either profit or non-profit objective, which
refers to the contract itself. The last property related is tool which refers to political party, product or business. The contract may be about political contract, product
sponsorship contract or business contract. The third meaning of phrasal verb run out
is „to leave someone, when you should not‟. It gives the context of love affair. Given the example of a sentence He
ran out on his second wife two years ago, there are three semantic properties related. The first is the agent which refers to the husband that left the wife. The second is
objective, i.e. the husband already had a plan intended objective to leave his wife. The last semantic property related is manner, i.e. the husband just left the wife
instantly refers to one instant event instead of continuous one.
4.2.2.13 Phrasal Verb RUN OVER
When the verb run is applied in phrasal verb run over, it creates five different meanings. The first meaning is „to hit someone or something with a car or other
vehi cle, and drive over them‟. From this meaning, it is obvious that it gives the
context of accident. In a sentence He was run over by bus and killed, we can identify there are four semantic properties related. The first is the agent which refers to the
bus. The second is objective which refers to either intended or unintended purpose. It is possible that someone had a plan to murder by accident. He prepared everything so
that it seemed as if it were a real accident. On the contrary, it is also possible that because the driver was out of control, he accidentally run over someone till died. In
89 this case, it belongs to unintended purpose. The last semantic property related is tool
which belongs to the bus as a means of transportation. The second meaning of phrasal verb run over
is „to explain or practice something again‟. From this meaning, it gives the context of lesson. In a sentence
Could we just run over the section on phrasal verbs again? there are three semantic properties we can identify. The first is agent which refers to the learner who learns
phrasal verbs. The second is objective which refers to intended objective, and the last is manner which refers to continuity. As we all know that learning is a continuous
process. The third meaning of phrasal verb run over gives the context of thoughts or
feeling. It means „to think about a series of events, possibilities, etc.‟ The example of a sentence is I used to run over the options in my mind almost every night. From this
sentence, there are four semantic properties related. The first is the agent or the doer itself who ran over the options. The second is objective which refers to intended
purpose. In the past, the doer used to think about something in his mind repeatedly. As it happened almost every night, we can identify that it happened continuously.
This is related to the next semantic property, i.e. manner which refers to continuous event. The last property
related is tool which refers to one‟s mind as part of the body. The fourth meaning of phrasal verb run over
is „to continue past the arranged time‟. This carries the same meaning as run on which means „to continue happening
for longer than expected or planned‟. In a sentence The meeting ran over, and I was late for lunch, there are three semantic properties related, exactly the same as the
90 previous sentence The professor ran on
the lecture until 11 o’clock, an hour later than expected. Those semantic properties are agent, objective and manner.
The fifth meaning of phrasal verb run over is „to overflow‟. If a container runs
over, there is so much liquid inside that some flows out. Thus, the context given in this meaning is dealing with substance, especially liquid. In a sentence He forgot to
turn off the water pump so that the water ran over the floor, there are three semantic properties related. The first is the inanimate agent, i.e. the water. The second is
objective which refers to without intention. As he forgot to turn off the water pump, he did it unintentionally. The third semantic property related is manner which refers
to continuity as well as speed. When the water is running over, it is flowing continuously until it stops when there is a barrier. It can flow either fast or slowly.
4.2.2.14 Phrasal Verb RUN THROUGH
