92 belongs to the intended purpose. The manner refers to one instant action and fast
speed. The tool refers to a sword as device or instrument.
4.2.2.15 Phrasal Verb RUN TO
When the verb run is applied in phrasal verb run to, it gives two meanings. The first meaning is „to reach a particular amount‟ and gives the context of amount or
quantity. In a sample of sentence The document ran to almost 100 pages, there are three semantic properties related. The first is agent which refers to the document itself
as inanimate agent. The second is objective which belongs to intended purpose. The third is manner which refers to continuity and speed. In order to make 100 pages, it
needs a continuous process, from beginning to reach almost 100 pages. The process could take place either in fast or slow action.
The second meaning of phrasal verb run to is „to be enough money to pay for
something, or have enough money for it‟. From this meaning, it gives the context of money. Given the sentence
My wages won’t run to a new car, the semantic properties related are agent, objective and manner. The agent refers to the wages as inanimate
agent. The objective belongs to both intended and unintended objective. The manner refers to a continuous step of event.
4.2.2.16 Phrasal Verb RUN UP
When the verb run is used in phrasal verb run up, there are three different meanings. The first meaning is „to use a lot of something or borrow a lot of money, so
that one will have to pay a lot of money‟. From this meaning, it gives the context of bill or expenses or debts. In the sentence She ran up an enormous phone bill, it can be
identified that there are three semantic properties related. The first is agent which
93 refers to the person animate agent. The second is objective which belongs to
unintended purpose. As she had an enormous phone bill, we can assume that she did not intend to have such enormous phone bill. The last property related is manner
which refers to continuity as well as speed. It can be concluded that the bill ran up continuously from small amount of money to large amount of money within some
period of time. When it happened less than a month, we can say that it belongs to fast speed. However, when it happened as the accumulation in some months, it belongs
to slow speed. The second meaning of phrasal verb run up
is „to make something very quickly‟. In a sentence I ran this dress up in a single evening, it gives context of
clothes. From this sentence, there are four semantic properties related. The first is the agent which refers to the doer or animate agent. The second is objective which
belongs to intended purpose. The agent has a plan already to finish making the dress in a single evening. The third is manner which refers to fast speed. The last semantic
property related is tool which belongs to device or instrument. The third meaning of phrasal verb run up
is „to raise a flag‟. It gives the context of flag. The example in a sentence is They ran up the Union Jack soon after
reaching the top of the mountain. From that sentence, we can analyze that there are four semantic properties related. The first is agent which refers to animate agent. The
second is objective which belongs to intended purpose. The third is manner which refers to one instant event. The last is tool which refers to the flag as the tool or
instrument.
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4.2.2.17 Phrasal Verb RUN UP AGAINST
