72 in the sentence Mr. Lorenzo is running a sea-food restaurant downtown, the agent
Mr. Lorenzo has a particular objective, i.e. to obtain profit. This sentence has connotative meaning for the verb run as it is no longer use parts of the body to do, but
of money or product or business.
4.2.2 Semantic Properties Related to the Verb RUN as a Phrasal Verb
After the writer presented the result of semantic properties related to the verb run as a single verb, now the writer would like to present it when run is used as a
phrasal verb. The result can be presented in table 4.4.
4.2.2.1 Phrasal Verb RUN ACROSS
When the verb run is used in phrasal verb run across, it means „to meet or
find someone or something ‟. In a sentence Jenny ran across an old friend at the party
last week, it gives clear context about incidental meeting. The semantic properties related are experiencer, i.e. Jenny, and objective, which belongs to unintended
objective. One more property related is manner which refers to one instant only. The event happened accidentally and the agent suddenly just met her old friend at the
party.
4.2.2.2 Phrasal Verb RUN AFTER
When the verb run is used in phrasal verb run after, it has three different meanings. The first, it means
„to chase someone or something‟. As we can see in a sentence The dog was running after a rabbit, the context is about movement. The
semantic properties related are agent, i.e. the dog itself, objective which refers to intended purpose, manner which refers to fast in speed, and tool, i.e. using the four
limbs as part of the body.
73
Table 4.4: Semantic Properties Related to the verb RUN as a Phrasal Verb
No Context
Phrasal Verbs
Semantic Features Manner
Objective AgentExperiencer
Distance Tool
Li m
b s
C o
n ta
ct in
g th
e G
ro u
n d
S h
ap e
C o
n tin
u ity
S p
ee d
S te
p o
r R an
g e
C o
m p
et iti
o n
N o
n C
o m
p et
iti o
n P
ro fit
N o
n -P
ro fit
W ith
In te
n tio
n W
ith o
u t I
n te
n tio
n A
n im
at e
In an
im at
e Lo
n g
S h
o rt
P ar
ts o
f t h
e B
o d
y P
o lit
ic al
P ar
ty M
o n
ey P
ro d
u ct
B u
si n
ess M
ea n
s o f Tr
an sp
o rta
tio n
D ev
ic e
E q
u ip
me n
tI n
st ru
m en
t A
ll N
o t a
ll Li
n ea
r N
o n
-L in
ea r
C o
n tin
u o
u s
O n
e in
st an
t F
ast S
lo w
W id
e N
ar ro
w H
u ma
n N
o n
- H
u ma
n
B ab
y C
h ild
A d
u lt
El d
er ly
B ab
y A
d u
lt 1
incidental meeting run across
+ + + + +
2 movement
run after +
+
+ + ± ± + +
3 feeling or thoughts
run after +
+
+
+ ± +
+ +
+ +
4 trivial housework
run after ±
± + +
+
5 movement
run around
+ ± ± + + + + + ± + +
+
6 love relationship
run around
+
+ +
7 trivial housework
run around +
+ + ±
+
8 love affair
run away
+ + +
+ + +
9 problem
run away
+
+ + +
10 thoughts or feeling
run away with +
+ ± + +
+
11 love affair
run away with
+ + +
+ + +
12 idea or impression
run away with +
+
+ + +
13 competition
run away with +
+
+ ±
14 crime
run away with +
+ + +
15 accident
run down
+ + ±
± + + +
+
16 criticism or disparagement
run down +
+
+ +
74
No Context
Phrasal Verbs
Semantic Features Manner
Objective AgentExperiencer
Distance Tool
Li m
b s
C o
n ta
ct in
g th
e G
ro u
n d
S h
ap e
C o
n tin
u ity
S p
ee d
S te
p o
r R an
g e
C o
m p
et iti
o n
N o
n C
o m
p et
iti o
n P
ro fit
N o
n -P
ro fit
W ith
In te
n tio
n W
ith o
u t I
n te
n tio
n A
n im
at
e
In an
im at
e Lo
n g
S h
o rt
P ar
ts o
f t h
e B
o d
y P
o lit
ic al
P ar
ty M
o n
ey P
ro d
u ct
B u
si n
ess M
ea n
s o f Tr
an sp
o rta
tio n
D ev
ic e
E q
u ip
me n
tI n
st ru
m en
t A
ll N
o t a
ll Li
n ea
r N
o n
-L in
ea r
C o
n tin
u o
u s
O n
e in
st an
t F
ast S
lo w
W id
e N
ar ro
w H
u ma
n N
o n
- H
u ma
n
B ab
y C
h ild
A d
u lt
El d
er ly
B ab
y A
d u
lt 17
power run down
+ +
18 company or organization
run down +
+
+ + +
19 rare occasion
run down
+ + + + +
20 crimes
run in
+
+ + +
21 vehicle or transportation
run in +
+ + + + + +
+
+
22 accident
run into
+ + +
+
23 incidental meeting
run into
+ + + + +
24 difficulties; problem; debt
run into +
+ +
+
25 number
run into +
+
+ + +
26 word
run into
+ + ± + +
27 tools or equipment
run into
+
+ + + +
28 escape
run off
+ +
+ +
29 document
run off +
+
+ + + +
30 piece of literary work
run off +
+
+ +
31 weight
run off +
+
+ + +
32 love affair
run off with
+ + +
+ + +
33 stealing or crime
run off with +
+ + +
75
No Context
Phrasal Verbs
Semantic Features Manner
Objective AgentExperiencer
Distance Tool
Li m
b s
C o
n ta
ct in
g th
e G
ro u
n d
S h
ap e
C o
n tin
u ity
S p
ee d
S te
p o
r R an
g e
C o
m p
et iti
o n
N o
n C
o m
p et
iti o
n P
ro fit
N o
n -P
ro fit
W ith
In te
n tio
n W
ith o
u t I
n te
n tio
n A
n im
at
e
In an
im at
e Lo
n g
S h
o rt
P ar
ts o
f t h
e B
o d
y P
o lit
ic al
P ar
ty M
o n
ey P
ro d
u ct
B u
si n
ess M
ea n
s o f Tr
an sp
o rta
tio n
D ev
ic e
E q
u ip
me n
tI n
st ru
m en
t A
ll N
o t a
ll Li
n ea
r N
o n
-L in
ea r
C o
n tin
u o
u s
O n
e in
st an
t F
ast S
lo w
W id
e N
ar ro
w H
u ma
n N
o n
- H
u ma
n
B ab
y C
h ild
A d
u lt
El d
er ly
B ab
y A
d u
lt 34
activity run on
+
± ±
+ +
35 stock or supply
run out of
+ + + + + + + + +
36 document or agreement
run out ±
± + +
+ +
37 love affair
run out on
+ +
+ +
38 accident
run over
+ + ±
± +
+
39 lesson
run over
+
+ + + +
40 thoughts or feeling
run over
+
+ + + + +
41 activity
run over +
±
± + +
42 substance, esp. liquid
run over +
± ± + +
43 lesson or material
run through
+
+ + + +
44 lesson or material
run through
+ + +
+ +
45 art work; society issue
run through +
+
46 crime or murder
run through
+ + +
+ + +
47 amount or quantity
run to +
± ± +
+
48 money
run to +
±
± +
49 bill or expenses or debts
run up +
± ± + + +
50 clothes
run up
+
+ ± + +
+
51 flag
run up
+ +
± + + +
52 problems
run up against ±
± + + + +
76 The second, it means
„to try to get someone‟s attention, especially because one is sexually attracted to them
‟. From this meaning, it is clear that the context is feeling or thoughts. As in the sentence He was running after her for ages yet never
managed to get a date, the agent Jack had a clear intention to get a date yet he never made it. He might have used all efforts tool in order to attract the person he was
crushing on. That is why it is not an instant process, but a continuous process manner.
The third, in the context of trivial housework, the phrasal verb run after means „to do many small jobs for someone, like a servant‟. We can see in the sentence I
cant keep running after you all day, someone is complaining being fed up with trivial housework that he has done for quite some time. The agent I either with or
without intention objective has done some duties for somebody else.
4.2.2.3 Phrasal Verb RUN AROUND
