9 order, the running order or take a running jump. Likewise, the suffix
–ing also makes the word run change into adverb. Given the example of a sentence She won the prize
for the fourth year running, the word run functions as an adjective which means for four years, she won the prize constantly.
Nida 1975 says that to determine the linguistic meaning of any form contrasts must be found, for there is no meaning apart from significant differences.
Besides, he also highlights that in endeavoring to determine the meaning of any lexical unit, from the level of a morpheme to the level of an entire discourse, it is
essential to establish the basis of contrast. Thus, the writer here will make a contrastive meaning of the verb run by contrasting with the verbs race, gallop, and
sprint. To some extent, one word can carry lots of meaning. We can take the example
from the word red which has several meanings, i.e. color or pigment which resembles the hue of blood, emotionally charged terms used to refer to extreme radicals or
revolutionaries, the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue or a socialist who advocates communism. In order to differ the meaning of a word
between one another, we have to put the word into its context. Therefore, the writer will also conduct the contextual meaning analysis on his study.
1.2 Research Questions
Based on the above, the writer would like to conduct a study on the meaning of a word, i.e. the verb run by answering the following two questions:
10 1. What are the semantic properties of the conceptual meaning of the verb run when
it is compared with the verb race, gallop, and sprint? 2. What semantic properties are related to the conceptual meaning of the verb run
when it is put beyond the conceptual meaning?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
This study is intended to answer two questions. First, it is to examine the meaning of the verb run by comparing it with other verbs in the same semantic
domains, i.e. race, gallop, and sprint. By comparing the verb run with the other verbs, we will find the semantic properties, i.e. properties that appear to provide the
comparison and contrast between those verbs, along with the semantic features. After conducting the comparative analysis, it is important that we should also know the
meaning of the verb run beyond the conceptual meaning. By looking up certain meanings from Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English published by
Longman in 2001, we can identify the context of the verb run. From the use of the verb run in certain contexts, there are some properties that appear and are related to
the conceptual meaning. Thus, the second purpose of this study is to find the semantic properties that are related to the conceptual meaning when the verb run is put beyond
the conceptual meaning. So far as what the writer has found, Nida 1975 has provided the contextual meanings of the verb run. Yet, he has not made the
relationship between the semantic properties appeared in contextual analysis and the comparative meaning. In the results and discussion, the writer will present the
semantic properties that appear and are related to the conceptual meaning when the verb run is put beyond the conceptual meaning.
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1.4 Significance of the Study
