Table 11: Distribution of Data Occurrences among the Six Ethnic Characters Rank from
highest to lowest occurrences
Ethnic Characters Occurrences
Percentage 1
st
Edo Papuan 205
19.52
2
nd
Lina Minahasan
181 17.24
3
rd
Beni Batak 178
16.95
4
th
Udin Sundanese 173
16.48
5
th
Dayu Balinese 167
15.90
6
th
Siti Javanese 146
13.90
Total 1050
100.00
1. Speech Functions
The analysis of speech functions considers two general classifications of speech moves encompassing the Initiating and Responding moves, with the
latter can still be divided into two categories of Expected Response and Discretionary Response. From these three classifications, the speech functions
were then identified. In the Initiating move category, there are the speech functions of Question, Statement, Offer and Command. In the Expected Response
category, there are the speech functions of Answer and Acknowledgement, as for the category of Discretionary Response, there are the speech functions of
Contradiction and Disclaimer. Additionally, there is still another speech function which does not fall into both categories of Initiating and Responding moves, the
Salutory speech function, for it is not considered as a function which initiates nor responds for negotiatory function, rather it opens or closes an exchange for phatic
function. As presented in Table 12 below, the data analysis revealed the
dominance of Statement in its distribution among the six ethnic characters with
591 occurrences 56.29, considerably exceeded the distribution of the rest of the speech functions which have less than 16 occurrences. The other speech
functions in the Initiating move category, the Question and Command, were selected in 103 occurrences 9.81 and 74 occurrences 7.05 respectively,
while there was notably only 1 occurrence 0.10 of Offer found in the data source. In the category of the Responding move, the speech function of Answer
represented the second most selected speech function by accounting for 15.33 of the overall occurrences or 161 occurrences, while the Acknowledgement
constituted 6.48 of the occurrences or 68 occurrences. The Salutory speech function closely followed with 45 occurrences 4.02, causing the least selected
functions to be contributed by the speech functions of the Discretionary Response, with the Contradiction and Disclaimer were identified in 5 0.48 and 2
circumstances 0.19 respectively.
Table 12: Distribution of Speech Functions among the Six Ethnic Characters Speech Functions
Occurrences Percentage
Statement 591
56.29 Answer
161 15.33
Question 103
9.81 Command
74 7.05
Acknowledgement 68
6.48 Salutory speech function
45 4.29
Contradiction 5
0.48 Disclaimer
2 0.19
Offer 1
0.10
Total 1050
100.00
There were some visible patterns in the distribution of the speech functions among the six ethnic characters, although some speech functions such as
the Questions and the Salutory speech functions were distributed more randomly
than the other speech functions. There was the speech function of the Statement which, in addition to being the most dominant speech function selected by the
ethnic characters, was also notable for being the most evenly distributed speech function among the ethnic characters. The distribution of Command noticeably set
Edo Papuan and Lina Minahasan apart from the rest of the ethnic characters with the gap of more than 10 occurrences above the other four ethnic characters.
The distribution of Answer favored Edo Papuan as the ethnic characters with the most occurrences of Answer, constituting 31.68 of the overall 161 occurrences,
separating himself from the rest of the ethnic characters with the gap of more than 13 occurrences. Meanwhile, the distribution of Acknowledgements was
revealed to be quite even with, aside from Udin Sundanese who dominated the distribution with more than 4 difference to the other ethnic characters, the gap
between each of the rest of the ethnic characters’ occurrences did not exceed 1.47. The rest of the speech functions, the Offer, the Contradiction, and the
Disclaimer, were found to have particularly small number of occurrences of 1, 5, and 2 occurrences, respectively. The 1 occurrence of the Offer was selected by
Beni Batak. The 5 occurrences of the Contradictions were selected once by Dayu Balinese, Edo Papuan, and Udin Sundanese, and twice by Lina
Minahasan. Lastly, the 2 occurrences of the Disclaimers were each selected by Lina Minahasan and Udin Sundanese. The following tables specify more of
these distributions by the exact number of occurrences and percentages.
