then compiled it into the expected purposive sampling, in which also for this reason the technique of collecting always includes examining. In a more detailed
step by step procedure, this technique of data collecting employed by the researcher includes the following steps:
1. Skimming through the data source, 2. Determining the data collection technique which suits the research
best, 3. Deciding the most suitable sampling strategy for the research,
4. Defining the unitizing of the research including the sampling unit, recordingcoding unit, and context unit, with consideration to the
research objectives, 5. Recording the data, which consists of the activities of examining and
interpreting the data texts to identify the recording unit based on the literature review.
6. Designing the data sheets for the coding of the data and pre-testing the coding of the previously recorded data in the data sheets to
confirm that the collected data is well-saturated in categories. 7. Presenting all the recorded data in the data sheets to make them
available for analysis.
E. Instruments of the Research
There are two kinds of research instrument significant to this research. The first and primary research instrument is what Lincoln and Guba 2013 call
the human instrument, referring to the researcher as the instrument. In qualitative
research, the researcher is considered as the primary instrument Lodico et al., 2010; Stake, 2010 for only through the researcher who exhibits information
gathering and analyzing mechanism, the desired descriptions can be achieved Lincoln and Guba, 2013.
As Lodico et al. 2010 notes, in addition to the subjective experience which is implemented through the researcher acting as instrument, the qualitative
measures also include tools to record as the second instrument. In this research, the latter instrument is in the form of data sheet. As a research instrument, the data
sheet was used to record the sample units and the coded data. This data sheet was also designed to include categorization which served to prepare the data for
analysis. The data sheet is as seen in the following table.
Table 10: Data Analysis Sheet
Code Speaker
Data Speech Functions
Mood Types Salu
tary Funct
io n
Initiation Response
Minor Clau
se Indicative
Imperative Question
St atem
ent Off
er
Comm and
Expect- ed
Discre- tionary
Dec larative
Inter- rogative
Answe r
Acknowledgement Contradi
ction Disc
laim er
Yes no
-
int err
ogative WH
-int
err ogative
0001C001P008 B From now on I will use English in my English class.
0002C002P009 B Hi, …
… … …
… … … … … … … … … … … … … … - C004P010 X Siti, what did I say?
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
0016C004P010 S We will use English in our English class.
…
… … …
… …
… …
… …
… …
… …
… …
…
