b Efek Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Kulit Manggis (Garcinia Mangostana L.) Terhadap Gigi Kelinci (Oryctogalus Cuniculus) (Penelitian In Vivo)

Ranks Hari N Mean Rank Ekstrak Manggis 5 Hari 1 3 7.00 Hari 3 3 5.50 Hari 7 3 2.50 Total 9 Ekstrak Manggis 10 Hari 1 3 7.50 Hari 3 3 5.17 Hari 7 3 2.33 Total 9 Biodentin Hari 1 3 7.50 Hari 3 3 5.50 Hari 7 3 2.00 Total 9 Kontrol Hari 1 3 4.00 Hari 3 3 4.00 Hari 7 3 7.00 Total 9 Test Statistics

a,b

Ekstrak Manggis 5 Ekstrak Manggis 10 Biodentin Kontrol Chi-Square 5.600 6.121 7.086 4.571 Df 2 2 2 2 Asymp. Sig. .061 .047 .029 .102 a. Kruskal Wallis Test b. Grouping Variable: Hari NPar Tests [DataSet1] C:\Users\User\Desktop\SKRIPSI\spss\Kruskall Wallis Charin.sav Universitas Sumatera Utara Descriptive Statistics N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum Ekstrak Manggis 5 9 2.5556 .52705 2.00 3.00 Hari 9 2.0000 .86603 1.00 3.00 Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Hari N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Ekstrak Manggis 5 Hari 1 3 4.00 12.00 Hari 3 3 3.00 9.00 Total 6 Test Statistics b Ekstrak Manggis 5 Mann-Whitney U 3.000 Wilcoxon W 9.000 Z -1.000 Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed .317 Exact Sig. [21-tailed Sig.] .700 a a. Not corrected for ties. b. Grouping Variable: Hari NPar Tests [DataSet1] C:\Users\User\Desktop\SKRIPSI\spss\Kruskall Wallis Charin.sav Descriptive Statistics N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum Ekstrak Manggis 5 9 2.5556 .52705 2.00 3.00 Hari 9 2.0000 .86603 1.00 3.00 Universitas Sumatera Utara Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Hari N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Ekstrak Manggis 5 Hari 1 3 5.00 15.00 Hari 7 3 2.00 6.00 Total 6 Test Statistics b Ekstrak Manggis 5 Mann-Whitney U .000 Wilcoxon W 6.000 Z -2.236 Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed .025 Exact Sig. [21-tailed Sig.] .100 a a. Not corrected for ties. b. Grouping Variable: Hari NPar Tests [DataSet1] C:\Users\User\Desktop\SKRIPSI\spss\Kruskall Wallis Charin.sav Descriptive Statistics N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum Universitas Sumatera Utara Ekstrak Manggis 5 9 2.5556 .52705 2.00 3.00 Hari 9 2.0000 .86603 1.00 3.00 Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Hari N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Ekstrak Manggis 5 Hari 3 3 4.50 13.50 Hari 7 3 2.50 7.50 Total 6 Test Statistics b Ekstrak Manggis 5 Mann-Whitney U 1.500 Wilcoxon W 7.500 Z -1.581 Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed .114 Exact Sig. [21-tailed Sig.] .200 a a. Not corrected for ties. b. Grouping Variable: Hari NPar Tests [DataSet1] C:\Users\User\Desktop\SKRIPSI\spss\Kruskall Wallis Charin.sav Universitas Sumatera Utara Descriptive Statistics N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum Ekstrak Manggis 10 9 2.2222 .83333 1.00 3.00 Hari 9 2.0000 .86603 1.00 3.00 Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Hari N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Ekstrak Manggis 10 Hari 1 3 4.50 13.50 Hari 3 3 2.50 7.50 Total 6 Test Statistics b Ekstrak Manggis 10 Mann-Whitney U 1.500 Wilcoxon W 7.500 Z -1.581 Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed .114 Exact Sig. [21-tailed Sig.] .200 a a. Not corrected for ties. b. Grouping Variable: Hari NPar Tests Universitas Sumatera Utara [DataSet1] C:\Users\User\Desktop\SKRIPSI\spss\Kruskall Wallis Charin.sav Descriptive Statistics N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum Ekstrak Manggis 10 9 2.2222 .83333 1.00 3.00 Hari 9 2.0000 .86603 1.00 3.00 Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Hari N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Ekstrak Manggis 10 Hari 1 3 5.00 15.00 Hari 7 3 2.00 6.00 Total 6 Test Statistics b Ekstrak Manggis 10 Mann-Whitney U .000 Wilcoxon W 6.000 Z -2.121 Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed .034 Exact Sig. [21-tailed Sig.] .100 a a. Not corrected for ties. b. Grouping Variable: Hari Universitas Sumatera Utara NPar Tests [DataSet1] C:\Users\User\Desktop\SKRIPSI\spss\Kruskall Wallis Charin.sav Descriptive Statistics N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum Ekstrak Manggis 10 9 2.2222 .83333 1.00 3.00 Hari 9 2.0000 .86603 1.00 3.00 Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Hari N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Ekstrak Manggis 10 Hari 3 3 4.67 14.00 Hari 7 3 2.33 7.00 Total 6 Test Statistics b Ekstrak Manggis 10 Mann-Whitney U 1.000 Wilcoxon W 7.000 Z -1.650 Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed .099 Exact Sig. [21-tailed Sig.] .200 a a. Not corrected for ties. Universitas Sumatera Utara Test Statistics b Ekstrak Manggis 10 Mann-Whitney U 1.000 Wilcoxon W 7.000 Z -1.650 Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed .099 Exact Sig. [21-tailed Sig.] .200 a a. Not corrected for ties. b. Grouping Variable: Hari Universitas Sumatera Utara NPar Tests [DataSet5] C:\Users\User\Desktop\SKRIPSI\spss\Mann Whitney Charin.sav Descriptive Statistics N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum Kriteria 27 2.2222 .75107 1.00 3.00 Bahan 36 2.5000 1.13389 1.00 4.00 Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Bahan N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Kriteria EM5 9 11.67 105.00 Biodentin 9 7.33 66.00 Total 18 Test Statistics b Kriteria Mann-Whitney U 21.000 Wilcoxon W 66.000 Z -1.866 Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed .062 Exact Sig. [21-tailed Sig.] .094 a a. Not corrected for ties. b. Grouping Variable: Bahan Universitas Sumatera Utara NPar Tests [DataSet5] C:\Users\User\Desktop\SKRIPSI\spss\Mann Whitney Charin.sav Descriptive Statistics N Mean Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum Kriteria 27 2.2222 .75107 1.00 3.00 Bahan 36 2.5000 1.13389 1.00 4.00 Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Bahan N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Kriteria EM10 9 10.56 95.00 Biodentin 9 8.44 76.00 Total 18 Test Statistics b Kriteria Mann-Whitney U 31.000 Wilcoxon W 76.000 Z -.891 Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed .373 Exact Sig. [21-tailed Sig.] .436 a a. Not corrected for ties. b. Grouping Variable: Bahan Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Yu C, Abbott PV. An overview of the dental pulp: its function and responses to injury. Aust Dent J EndSupplement 2007; 521: S4-8. 2. Kazeko LA, Modrinskay UV, Sevrukevitch KV. Pulpitis: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Classification. Minsk: Belarusian State Medical University 2014: 1-20. 3. Ali SG, Mulay S. Pulpitis : A Review. IOSR JDMS 2015; 14: 92-5. 4. Garg N, Garg A. Textbook of Endodontics. 2nd edition., India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2010: 9-10, 7-45. 5. Hidayati NA, Listyawati SL, Setyawan AD. 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Mutmainah, Kusmita L, Puspitaningrum I. Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Manggis Garcinia mangostana L. sebagai Penyembuh Luka Bakar pada Kulit Punggung Kelinci. Media Faramsi Ind. 2015; 91: 606-14. 18. Patel U, Hughes J. Preserving pulp vitality. Dent Health 2013; 522: 26-9. 19. Torabinejad M, Holland GR. The dental pulp and periradicular tissues. In: Torabinejad M, Valton RE. Endodontics principles and practices, 4th ed., Missouri : Saunders Elsevier, 2009: 1-18. 20. Allazzam SM, Alamoudi NM, Meligy O. Clincial applications of biodentine in pediatric dentistry: A review of literature. Oral Hyg Health 2015, 33:1-6. 21. Yu D, Abd-Elmeguid A. Dental Pulp neurophisiology: Part 1. Clinical and diagnostuc implications. JDCA 2009: 55-7. 22. Gomez, Natanael. Dental pulp sensory function, pain. E J of End. Rosario 2011; 210: 540-4. 23. Pashley DH, Walton RE, Slavkin HC. Histology and phsiology of the dental pulp. In: Ingle JI, Bakland LK. 5 th Ed. Endodontics. Canada: BC Decker, 2002: 35-42. 24. Luuko K, Kettunen P, Fristad I, Berggreen E. Structures and functions of the dentin pulp complex. In: Hargreaves KM., Cohen S. 10 th Ed. Cohen’s pathway of the pulp. China: Mosby, 2011: 463-9. 25. Okiji T Pulp as a connective tissue. In: Hargreaves KM, Goodis HE. Seltzer and Bender’s dental pulp. Chicago: Quintessence, 2002: 95-122 Universitas Sumatera Utara 26. Dennis. Efek Watermelon Frost terhadap Substansi P SP dan Fosfatase Alkali ALP pada pulpitis reversibel Gigi Macaca Fascicularis Penelitian In Vivo. Tesis: Medan: USU, 2014:21-3 27. Ross MH, Kaye GI, Pawlina W. Blood. In : Histology a text and atlas, 4th ed., Baltimore: Lippincot Williams Wilkins, 2003:223-9. 28. Kuehnel W. Color atlas of cytology, hystology and Microscopic anatomy, 4th ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott William Wilkins, 2002:100-13. 29. Hupp JR. Wound Healing. In : Contemporary oral and maxillofacial surgery, 6th ed., Missouri : Elsevier Mosby, 2014: 44-7. 30. Edward SH. Chemical mediators of inflammation. http:www.merckvetmanual.commvmpharmacologyanti- inflammatory_agentschemical_mediators_of_inflammation.html 22 November 2016 31. Bogen G, Chandler NP. Vital Pulp Therapy. In: Ingle JI, Bakland LK, Baumgartner JC. 6 th Ed. Endodontics. Hamilton: BC Decker, 2008: 1312. 32. Nowicka A, Lipski M, Parafiniuk M, Lichota D, Kosierkiewicz, Kaczmarek W. Response of human dental pulp capped with biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate. JOE 2013:396: 743-7. 33. Vidal K, Martin G, Lozano O, Salas M, Trigueros J, Aguilar G. Apical closure in apexification: a review and case report of apexification treatment of an immature permanent tooth with biodentine. JOE 2016:425:1-5. 34. RD Department of Septodont., Biodentine active biosilicate technology. Canada. http:www.plandent.noimagesInfosenterBiodentine20Scientific20F ile_web_dokumentasjon.pdf 23 April 2016 35. Priyalakshmi S, Ranjan M. Review on biodentine-A abioactive dentin subtitute. IOSR JDMS 2014; 121-3: 13-7. 36. Hilton TJ. Keys to clinical success with pulp acpping : a review of the literature. Open Dent 2009; 345:615-25. 37. Dewoto HR. Pengembangan obat tradisional Indonesia menjadi fitofarmaka. Maj kedokteran Indonesia 2007; 577 : 1-7. Universitas Sumatera Utara 38. Nugroho AE. Manggis Garcinia mangostana L. Dari kulit buah yang terbuang hingga menjadi kandidat suatu obat. Maj Obat Tradisional UGM 2007; 1242: 1- 6. 39. Mardiana L. Ramuan dan khasiat kulit manggis, Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya, 2013: 3-12 40. Tjitrosoepomo G. Taksonomi tumbuhan obat-obatan. Yogyakarta: UGM Press 1994; 1 41. Yatman E. Kulit buah manggis mengandung xanton yang berkhasiat tinggi. Wawasan Widya Universitas 2012; 29324: 1-8. 42. Chin YW, Kinghorn AD. Structural characterization, biological effects and synthetic studies on xanthones from mangosteen garcinia mangostana, a popular botanical dietary supplement. Mini Rev Org Chem 2008; 54: 355-64. 43. Pedraza-Chaverri J, Cardenas-rodriguez N, Orozco-Ibarra M, Perez-Rojas JM. Medical properties of mangosteen Garcinia mangostana. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2008; 46: 3227-39. 44. Mapara M, Thomas BS, Bhat KM. Rabbits as an animal for experimental research. Dent Res J 2012; 91: 111-8. 45. Agni N. Respons antiinflamasi ekstrak kulit buah manggis garcinia mangostana l. terhadap jumlah limfosit pada gingiva tikus wistar jantan pasca diinduksi porphyromonas gingivalis. Skripsi. Jember: Bagian Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi Dasar FKG Jember, 2013: 35-7. 46. Davidovic L. Cuk M, Sandik MZ, Grga D, Zivkovic S. The influence of liners of the pulp inflammation. Srp Arh Celok Lek 2015; 1435-6:261-6. 47. Mao XQ, Tan S, Xing L, Huang Q. Construction of experimental pulpitis models in rabbit. JOE 2012; 20:1-12. 48. Capello V, Gracis M. Rabbit and rodent dentistry handbook. USA: Zoological Education Network 2005: 7-17. 49. Rukmo M. 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J Med Assoc Thai 2014; 972: 196-201. Universitas Sumatera Utara

BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN

3.1 Kerangka Konsep

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