Data and Data Source Morphemic Shift from morpheme to word

Novie Andriani Kesuma : The Morphemic Shifts In Translation Of Jhon Shors Beneath A Marble Sky Into Taj Mahal By Meithya Rose, 2010.

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Research Method

In this analysis, I use the library research to find theories dealing with this subject from various books and dictionary. According to Bungin 2004:46 Penelitian dapat pula di lakukan di perpustakaan, penelitian yang di lakukan di perpustakaan ini mengambil setting perpustakaan sebagai tempat penelitian dengan objek penelitiannya adalah bahan bahan kepustakaan [Research can be done by the library and the references as the object of the research]

3.2 Data and Data Source

The data source of this analysis is written text, which were taken from one of the best seller novels written by Jhon Shors, Beneath a Marble Sky’ in 2004. This novel was translated by Meithya Rose, Taj Mahal in 2007. The data is collected by closely observing the morpheme in SL and TL. By reading and analyzing them repeatedly. Then the data were taken directly from the data source. Data for analysis are words which have the bound morphemes from the novel Beneath a Marble Sky, written by Jhon Shors and its Indonesian version Taj Mahal by Meithya Rose as the source of data. Novie Andriani Kesuma : The Morphemic Shifts In Translation Of Jhon Shors Beneath A Marble Sky Into Taj Mahal By Meithya Rose, 2010.

3.4 Data Collecting Method

To collect the data, I applied the written method is by noting down the morpheme from the original English novel as well as from its translated version. The English novel version which entitled Beneath a Marble Sky by Jhon Shors consists of 4 chapters and 324 pages. While its translation Taj Mahal translated by Meithya Rose consists of 4 chapters and 457 pages. Data Analysis Method In analyzing the data, I apply the qualitative method and to take an example these analyze using the purposive sampling. Qualitative method is applied by making a description of morphemic shift in the translation of Jhon Shors Beneath a Marble Sky into Taj Mahal by Meithya Rose. Qualitative method means an analysis which uses some instruments for collecting the data. “Dalam Penelitian Kuantitatif proses pengumpulan data dan analisisnya terpisah secara jelas, dan analisisnya dilakukan pada tahap akhir pengumpulan data selesai. Tidak demikian halnya dalam penelitian kualitatif, yang proses analisisnya harus di lakukan sejak awal bersamaan dengan proses pegumpulan data.” Sutopo, 2006:257 In analyzing the data, procedures are applied: 1. Reading the two novels Novie Andriani Kesuma : The Morphemic Shifts In Translation Of Jhon Shors Beneath A Marble Sky Into Taj Mahal By Meithya Rose, 2010. 2. Identifying and selecting the morpheme from the source language and the target language. 3. Categorizing and underlining the morpheme from the source language and the target language. 4. Analyzing the data by using J.C. Catford theory in Basil Hatim, 2001:15 In order to gain the most frequent of the most dominant of morphemic shifts used in the translation of this novel I use Nawawi Formula 1991:127 as the following X N = -- X 100 Y where, X = the number of each morphemic shift found in the novel Y = the total number of all data N = Percentage of morphemic shift Novie Andriani Kesuma : The Morphemic Shifts In Translation Of Jhon Shors Beneath A Marble Sky Into Taj Mahal By Meithya Rose, 2010.

CHAPTER IV THE MORPHEMIC SHIFTS IN TRANSLATION OF JHON SHORS BENEATH’S

A MARBLE SKY A NOVEL OF TAJ MAHAL INTO TAJ MAHAL BY MEITHYA ROSE

4.1 Morphemic Shift from morpheme to word

Morphemic shift from morpheme to word means the changes from morpheme in the Source Language SL become word in the Target Language TL. Shifts from morpheme to word occurred in prefixes un-, im- re-,dis-, under-,out-,a- , extra- and over and suffixes -ing, -ly, -s, -er, -less, and -est as follow: 4.1.1 Prefixes 4.1.1.1 Prefixes Un-  Prefixes Un-Translated become Tidak Un- SL Tidak TL I was unable to see what the lay beyond them p.19 l.33 Begitu tingginya hingga aku tidak bisa melihat apa yang terbentang di luar sana p.26 l.2 “I wouldn’t say so if it were untrue” p.27 l.7 “Aku tidak akan mengucapkannya bila itu tidak benar” p.36 l.22 At first, I was uneasy with such glances, p.41 l.27 Mulanya rasa tidak nyaman menyerangku, p.58 l.10 “he said,”even if my view is unusual Among Muslims, p.44 l.14 “ia berkata, “meskipun pandanganku tidak lazim diantara orang orang islam p.61 l.31-32 But we’re unlike our friends. p.46 l.30 Tapi kita tidak seperti teman teman kita. p.65 l.10 The bound morpeheme un- are translated into tidak Novie Andriani Kesuma : The Morphemic Shifts In Translation Of Jhon Shors Beneath A Marble Sky Into Taj Mahal By Meithya Rose, 2010.  Prefixes Un- translated become tak Un- SL Tak TL , was stained and his hair was unkempt. p.79 l.14 Rambutnya kusut tak terurus.p.109 l.20 , while armed guards kept unwelcome visitors at bay. p.122 l.11 , sementara para penjaga bersenjata menjauhkan tamu yang tak diundang. p.170 l.23 The bound morpeheme un- are translated into tak  Prefixes Un- translated become tanpa Un- SL Tanpa TL , his eyes unexpectedly swelled with tears. p.82 l.32 , matanya tanpa di duga menitikkan air mata. p.114 l.18 , leaving only three criminals unscathed. p.98 l.11 , hanya menyisakan tiga penjahat tanpa cedera. p.136 l.6 The bound morpeheme un- are translated into tanpa  Prefixes Un- translated become Belum Un- SL Tidak TL I reply, still somewhat unsure of the answer p.11 l.8 ujarku, namun masih belum yakin pada jawaban ini p.14 l.10 , unwashed soldiers and cooking fires mingled with the stench of rotting flesh p.69 l.38 , prajurit yang belum membasuh diri , dan tungku masak, berbaur dengan amisnya luka dari daging yang membusuk p.98 l.21 The bound morpeheme un- are translated into belum The bound morpheme un- in the example above is translated into the word tidak, tak,tanpa and belum. It shows there has been morphemic shift which used in the novel, to find the same equivalent in TL. The bound morpheme un– in English becomes the word in Bahasa Indonesia. Novie Andriani Kesuma : The Morphemic Shifts In Translation Of Jhon Shors Beneath A Marble Sky Into Taj Mahal By Meithya Rose, 2010.

4.1.1.2 Prefixes Im-

 Prefixes Im-Translated become Tidaktak Im- SL Tidak TL “impossible” p.11 l.26 “tidak mungkin” p.15 l.2 I loved a man who cerished the imperfections of my face p.58 l.29 Mencintai laki-laki yang memuja wajahku yang tak terlampau cantik p.82 l.19-20 The baby grew impatient during our second week in burhanpur p.70 l.9 Bayi di perut ibu semakin tak sabar pada minggu kedua kami di burhanpur p.98 l.33 The bound morpeheme Im- are translated into Tidaktak The bound morpheme im- in the example above is translated into the word Tidaktak,dengan. It shows there has been morphemic shift which used in the novel, to find the same equivalent in TL. The bound morpheme im– in English becomes the word in Bahasa Indonesia.

4.1.1.3 Prefixes Re-

 Prefixes Re-Translated become kembali Re- SL Kembali TL Such blood could reunite the empire again p.12 l.14 ,Darah itulah yang bisa menyatukan kembali kerajaan ini p.15 l.30 Father returned to his Peacock Throne. p.23 l.6 Ayah melangkah kembali ke singgasana meraknya p.30 l.24 ..., these entertainers recreated the famous acoount my great-great- grandfather, p.25 l.24 Para penghibur ini menggubah kembali kisah terkenal kakek moyangku, p.34 l.17 ...of a person I hardly recalled.p.48 l.16 ... dan mimpi tentang seseorang yang sulit kuingat kembali. p.68 l.2 ...,they should recoverp.55 l.16 ...,pohon-pohon itu akan segar kembali.” p.77 l.20 The bound morpeheme re- are translated into kembali Novie Andriani Kesuma : The Morphemic Shifts In Translation Of Jhon Shors Beneath A Marble Sky Into Taj Mahal By Meithya Rose, 2010. The bound morpheme re- in the example above is translated into the word kembali. It shows there has been morphemic shift which used in the novel, to find the same equivalent in TL. The bound morpheme re– in English becomes the word in Bahasa Indonesia.

4.1.1.4 Prefixes Dis-

 Prefixes Dis-Translated become Tidak Dis- SL Tidak TL , he was disinterested at best, in my effort p.52 l.16 , ia tidak tertarik , paling tidak, dengan usahaku p.73 l.14 He looked displaced in his chain mail, p.62 l.24 Ia terlihat tidak nyaman dalam baju jirah p.88 l.13 Dara shook his head in disbelief p.67 l.9 Dara menngelengkan kepala tidak percaya p.94 l.24 The bound morpeheme Dis- are translated into tidak The bound morpheme dis- in the example above is translated into the word tidak,. It shows there has been morphemic shift which used in the novel, to find the same equivalent in TL. The bound morpheme dis– in English becomes the word in Bahasa Indonesia.

4.1.1.5 Prefixes Under-

 Prefixes Under-Translated become bawah Under- SL Di bawah TL Isa had designed the gardens so that Underground passages from the river Isa telah merancang kebun-kebun itu sedemikian rupa sehingga saluran-saluran Novie Andriani Kesuma : The Morphemic Shifts In Translation Of Jhon Shors Beneath A Marble Sky Into Taj Mahal By Meithya Rose, 2010. would always keep their canals and fountains flowing. p.118 l.37 di bawah tanah dari sungai akan selalu menjaga kanal-kanalnya dan air mancur tetap mengalir. p.165 l.31 I tumbled underwater, not knowing up from down from sideways. p.275 l.32 Under + water → Underwater Aku jatuh terguling-guling di bawah air dan tak lagi tahu arah. p.387 l.16 The bound morpeheme under- are translated into di bawah The bound morpheme under- in the example above is translated into the word di bawah. It shows there has been morphemic shift which used in the novel, to find the same equivalent in TL. The bound morpheme under– in English becomes the word in Bahasa Indonesia.

4.1.1.6 Prefixes Out-

 Prefixes Out-Translated become Luar Out- SL Luar TL , find your self a pile of mud outside p.18 l.25 , pergi ke gundukan lumpur di luar sana p.24 l.20 The bound morpeheme Out- are translated into luar The bound morpheme out- in the example above is translated into the word luar. It shows there has been morphemic shift which used in the novel, to find the same equivalent in TL. The bound morpheme out– in English becomes the word in Bahasa Indonesia.

4.1.1.7 Prefixes A-

 Prefixes A-Translated become di A- SL Di TL , sitting atop a cushion was my mother, Arjumand. p.13 l.16 Di dalam toko itu Arjumand tengah duduk di atas bantalnya. p.17 l.1 Novie Andriani Kesuma : The Morphemic Shifts In Translation Of Jhon Shors Beneath A Marble Sky Into Taj Mahal By Meithya Rose, 2010. Somewhere amid the chaos was Isa. p.169 l.27 Di suatu tempat di tengah kebalauan itu, mataku terhenti pada Isa. p.235 l.12 The bound morpeheme a- are translated into di The bound morpheme a- in the example above is translated into the word di. It shows there has been morphemic shift which used in the novel, to find the same equivalent in TL. The bound morpheme a– in English becomes the word in Bahasa Indonesia.

4.1.1.8 Prefixes Extra-

 Prefixes Extra-Translated become Sangat Extra - SL Sangat TL “Your great-grandparents lived Extraordinary lives,”p.12 l.32 “kehidupan kakek dan nenek buyutmu sangat hebat,” p.16 l.21 The bound morpeheme Extra - are translated into Sangat The bound morpheme Extra- in the example above is translated into the word Sangat. It shows there has been morphemic shift which used in the novel, to find the same equivalent in TL. The bound morpheme Extra– in English becomes the word in Bahasa Indonesia.

4.1.1.9 Prefixes Over-

 Prefixes Over-Translated become Terlalu Extra - SL Terlalu TL “Overambitious? p.140 l.34 “Terlalu berambisi? p.194 l.29 The bound morpeheme Over – are translated into Terlalu Novie Andriani Kesuma : The Morphemic Shifts In Translation Of Jhon Shors Beneath A Marble Sky Into Taj Mahal By Meithya Rose, 2010. The bound morpheme Over- in the example above is translated into the word Terlalu. It shows there has been morphemic shift which used in the novel, to find the same equivalent in TL. The bound morpheme Over– in English becomes the word in Bahasa Indonesia. 4.1.2 Sufixes 4.1.2.1 Suffix –ing  Suffix Ing-Translated become Saling Ing - SL Saling TL ,whispering as young women p.9 l.28 ,mereka saling berbisik p.12 l.18 The bound morpeheme Ing – are translated into saling  Suffix Ing-Translated become Sambilsembari Ing - SL Sambilsembari TL ,meeting their stares p.11 l.18 sembari menatap mata mereka p.14 l.23 ,subduing a smile, p.13 l.20 ,jawabku sambil menyembunyikan senyum bahagia p.17 l.6 The bound morpeheme Ing – are translated into sambilsembari  Suffix Ing-Translated become yanglalusesaat tengah Ing - SL Yang TL Standing next Mother was her slave, p.16 l.17 Yang berdiri di samping ibu adalah budaknya, p.21 l.4 ..., I noticed Aurangzeb glaring at me p.25 l.7 , Aurangzeb melepaskan tatapan yang menusuk p.33 l.24 Pausing from his calligraphy p.17 l.8 berhenti sesaat dari kaligraphy yang tengah di tekuninya p.22 l.7 ... and rippling red banners p.19 l.53 .. dan panji-panji merah yang tengah berkibar p.26 l.5 Novie Andriani Kesuma : The Morphemic Shifts In Translation Of Jhon Shors Beneath A Marble Sky Into Taj Mahal By Meithya Rose, 2010. I found my self wishing, p.58 l.28 Kudapati diriku tengah berharap,p.82 l.18-19 ..., stopping at a stand of lemons p.31 l.30 , lalu berhenti di kios penjual jeruk nipis p.43 l.3 The bound morpeheme Ing – are translated into yanglalusesaattengah The bound morpheme Ing- in the example above is translated into the word saling,sambilsembari,yang,lalusesaattengah. It shows there has been morphemic shift which used in the novel, to find the same equivalent in TL. The bound morpheme -Ing in English becomes the word in Bahasa Indonesia.

4.1.2.2 Suffix –ly

 Suffix –ly Translated become Dengan -Ly SL Dengan TL My guardian,Nizam,Patiently rows our boat acroos the Yamuna p.9 l.17 ...,dengan sabar mengayuh perahu menyusuri yamuna p.11 l.26 ...,Mother’s slave, she cared for his wounds and treated him kindlyp.16 l.33 ...,Ibu merawat luka-luka Nizam dengan baikp.21 l.22 The bound morpeheme -ly are translated into dengan  Suffix –ly Translated become Secara -Ly SL Secara TL Dara took such thoughts seriously, p.17 l.31 Dara mengungkapkan gagasan itu secara serius, p.22 l.29 ...,you’d see things differently.p.65 l.30 ...,kau akan melihat berbagai perkara secara berbeda.“ p.92 l.29 The bound morpeheme -ly are translated into dengan  Suffix –ly Translated become Yang -Ly SL Yang TL Novie Andriani Kesuma : The Morphemic Shifts In Translation Of Jhon Shors Beneath A Marble Sky Into Taj Mahal By Meithya Rose, 2010. Dara took such thoughts rarely, p.17 l.31 Dara mengungkapkan gagasan itu yang serius, p.22 l.29 ...,you see things differently than we.p.37 l.1 ...,Engkau melihat banyak hal dengan cara yang berbeda.“ p.50 l.21 The bound morpeheme -ly are translated into yang The bound morpheme -ly in the example above is translated into the word dengan and secara. It shows there has been morphemic shift which used in the novel, to find the same equivalent in TL. The bound morpheme –Ly in English becomes the word in Bahasa Indonesia.

4.1.2.3 Suffix –s

 Suffix –s Translated become plural -s SL Plural TL When I see them I feel as if I’m moving forward into places harboring no regrets p.9 l.23 Place+ s → Places Aku merasa seolah melaju ke tempat - tempat yang tidak melabuhkan sesalan. p.12 l.5 , of the dreams they counter. p.9 l.29 Dream + s → Dreams , juga tentang mimpi - mimpi yang mereka jelang. p.12 l.9 The bound morpeheme – s are translated become plural  Suffix s-Translated become para -s SL Para TL , the poets claimed, p.13 l.17 , seperti yang dilukiskan para pujangga, p.17 l.2 His wives, the most powerful of the harem’s residents, p.15 l.12 Para istri---penghuni harem yang paling berkuasa, p.19 l.15 The bound morpeheme – s are translated into para Novie Andriani Kesuma : The Morphemic Shifts In Translation Of Jhon Shors Beneath A Marble Sky Into Taj Mahal By Meithya Rose, 2010.  Suffix s-Translated become banyak -s SL Banyak TL ,I have enemies.p.10 l.17 , aku mempunyai banyak musuh.p.13 l.9 ...,you see things differently than we.p.37 l.1 ...,Engkau melihat banyak hal dengan cara yang berbeda.“ p.50 l.21 The bound morpeheme – s are translated into banyak  Suffix -sTranslated become dua -s SL Dua TL ,my granddaughters believed me instinctively, p.11 l.1 ,dua cucuku ini percaya begitu saja. p.13- 14 l.34-1 , thanks to my brilliant girls p.25 l.32 , berkat dua wanitaku yang cerdas ini.” p.33 l.15 The bound morpeheme – s are translated into dua The bound morpheme -s in the example above is translated into the word para dan banyak,dua and even suffix –s translated to show the meaning is plural in the target language. It shows there has been morphemic shift which used in the novel, to find the same equivalent in TL. The bound morpheme –s in English becomes the word in Bahasa Indonesia.

4.1.2.4 Suffix –er

 Suffix –er Translated become lebih -er SL Lebih TL Within Agra’s alleys greater varieties of clothing were also visible p.35 l.15 Di gang-gang agra lebih banyak corak pakaian yang bisa disaksikan. p.48 l.10 Most of the children were younger than we, p.35 l.27 Sebagian besar dari mereka lebih muda dariku, p.48 l.27 Novie Andriani Kesuma : The Morphemic Shifts In Translation Of Jhon Shors Beneath A Marble Sky Into Taj Mahal By Meithya Rose, 2010. The bound morpeheme –er are translated into lebih The bound morpheme -er in the example above is translated into the word lebih in the target language. It shows there has been morphemic shift which used in the novel, to find the same equivalent in TL. The bound morpheme –er in English becomes the word in Bahasa Indonesia.

4.1.2.5 Suffix –less

 Suffix –less Translated become tak -less SL Tak TL ,regardless of whether at war abroad or at court conducting the Empire’s affairs p.16 l.37 ,tak peduli baik pada saat perang di negri luar maupun membereskan urusan-urusan kerajaan dalam istana p.21 l.23 The night was cloudless and the moon full, p.92 l.5 Malam tak berawan dan bulan purnama. p.127 l.13 The bound morpeheme –less are translated into tak The bound morpheme -less in the example above is translated into the word Tak in the target language. It shows there has been morphemic shift which used in the novel, to find the same equivalent in TL. The bound morpheme –less in English becomes the word in Bahasa Indonesia.

4.1.2.6 Suffix –est

 Suffix –est Translated become paling -less SL Paling TL Novie Andriani Kesuma : The Morphemic Shifts In Translation Of Jhon Shors Beneath A Marble Sky Into Taj Mahal By Meithya Rose, 2010. --- one of your strongest oppurnities, p.33 l.10 ---bahkan salah satu kesempatanmu yang paling kuat--- p.45 l.4 Lords displayed the brightest of colors and the softest of fabrics; p.35 l.17 Golongan ningrat mempertontonkan pakaian berwarna cerah dari bahan yang paling lembut; p.48 l.13 The bound morpeheme –est are translated into paling The bound morpheme -est in the example above is translated into the word Paling in the target language. It shows there has been morphemic shift which used in the novel, to find the same equivalent in TL. The bound morpheme –est in English becomes the word in Bahasa Indonesia. 4 .2 Morphemic Shifts from morpheme to phrase Morphemic shift from word to phrase means the changes from word in the Source Language SL become phrase in the Target Language TL. Shifts from word to phrase occurred in prefixes, and suffixes as follow:

4.2.1.1 Prefixes Un-

 Prefixes Un-Translated become Tidaktak Un- SL Tidaktak TL Her death seemed immensely unjust and I struggled to find meaning in her absence. p.79 l.22 Un + Just → Unjust Kematiannya terasa sangat tidak adil , dan aku berjuang mencari makna atas ketidakhadirannya.p.110 l.6 “ then strikes me Unconscious and take me thus to Alamgir p.221 l.29 Un + conscious → Unconscious “kalau begitu, pukul aku hingga tak sadarkan diri, lalu bawa aku ke Alamgir p.308 l.11 Despite the unpopular taxes, p.238 l.22 Un + popular → Unpopular Selain pajak yang tak merakyat,

p.333 l.7 The bound morpeheme un- are translated differently from each sentences