Novie Andriani Kesuma : The Morphemic Shifts In Translation Of Jhon Shors Beneath A Marble Sky Into Taj Mahal By Meithya Rose, 2010.
2.1.3 Types of Translation
Many linguists make the divisions on translation. As Newmark, 1988:45 divides translation into eight; they are word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful
translation, semantic translation, adaptation, free translation and communicative translation. Furthermore, the brief description of these types of translation will be discussed
below:
2.1.3.1 Word-for-word Translation
This is often demonstrated as interlinear translation, with the target language immediately below the source language words. The SL word order is preserved and the
words translated singly Newmark, 1988:45. It means that each word or morpheme in source language is translated by a word or morpheme in target language by their most
common meanings. For example:
Source Language SL : His heart is in the right place.
Target Language TL : Kepunyaanya hati adalah dalam itu benar tempat.
In this case each word in the sentences is translated singly.
Novie Andriani Kesuma : The Morphemic Shifts In Translation Of Jhon Shors Beneath A Marble Sky Into Taj Mahal By Meithya Rose, 2010.
2.1.3.2 Literal Translation
Literal translation in which the SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest target language equivalents, but the lexical words are again translated singly
Newmark,1988:46. It means that Literal translation in which the SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest target language equivalents, but the lexical
words are again translated singly. For example:
Source Language SL : His heart is in the right place.
Target Language TL : Hatinya berada di tempat yang benar
If we analyzed, the translation of target language is compatible with the English grammar. TL follows the form of SL
2.1.3.3 Faithful translation
A faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures Newmark,1988:46. It
means that to transfers cultural words and preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical abnormality in the translation. It attempts to be completely faithful to the intentions and the
text realization of the SL writer. For example:
Source Language SL : Ben is to well aware that he is naughty.
Target Language TL : Ben menyadari terlalu baik bahwa ia nakal.
Novie Andriani Kesuma : The Morphemic Shifts In Translation Of Jhon Shors Beneath A Marble Sky Into Taj Mahal By Meithya Rose, 2010.
In this case the meaning of this translation is faith with SL in TL.
2.1.3.4 Semantic translation
