or in two consonants or in two vowels”, make no change, e.g. say + ing
= saying, push + ing = pushing. If the last syllable of a longer verb is stressed, double the consonant before
–ing, e.g. forget + t + ing = forgetting.
C. Previous Related Study
The research about students ability in learning gerund has been done by Ade Laili Akhiliyyah in 2009
under the title “Analysis on the Difficulties Faced by the Students in Learning Gerund at the First Grade of MTs Daarul
Amal Bekasi”. She did this research to know not only their mistakes but also their reasons why the students made mistakes. The result of that research is
the students were still difficult in determining uses of gerund especially in determining the uses of gerund as object of preposition and gerund as direct
object of certain verbs. A year later, Leti Lisdianty did a reasearch about Gerund in 2010 under
the title “Analysis on Students’ Difficulties in Distinguishing Gerund and Present Participle in Sentences at XI Grade Students of SMA PGRI 56
Ciputat, Tangerang ”. This research was made by her to know the students’
comprehension about gerund and present participle. In fact, the result of that research she found that there were many students who could not distinguish
the Gerund and the Present Participle. Based on the researches that have been done by Ade Laili Akhiliyyah in
2009 and Leti Lisdianti in 2010. The researcher concludes that some researchers found out that students still have difficulties in differentiating
gerund and present participle, in determining the uses of gerund as object of preposition and gerund as direct object of certain verbs. According to the
writer’s research, the students also still have lack of knowledge of the rules on adding
–ing to the verb when forming gerund. The writer hopes that this research will be useful for the teacher or another researcher who wants to
re search about students’ error especially in learning and using gerund.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
The writer used qualitative method in this research because he presented the data collected in words rather than numbers. The design of this
research is a case study because he only examined a single subject. The writer came to the school in order to get data. The data that were required are the
information of English teaching learning activity, the book was used in English teaching learning activity, and the students’ answer sheets on the use
of gerund which were given by the researcher. After getting a data, he analyzed it. The analysis involved presenting
data from observation and interview and identifying the error from test. The errors, that have been collected, were analyzed to determine the types of
errors and to classify the source of errors. The data were described by following Surface Strategy Taxonomy to explain the way surface structures
are altered whether necessary elements are omitted, unnecessary elements are added, elements are misformed or misordered.
1
Furthermore, the data will be classified into four categories of source of errors which were adopted from
Jack C. Richard. The analysis on error types were presented in table. Then, to know the
frequency of occurrence of each error type the writer used descriptive analysis technique percentage. Furthermore, to evaluate the error, the writer
also used Comparative Taxonomy to measure the effect of those errors in alternation of words; whether it is most serious or less serious.
1
Heidi Dulay, et.al., Language Two, New York: Oxford University Press, 1982, p. 150.
30
B. Place and Time of Study
The research was held at SMK Taman Ilmu Depok which located on Jl. H. Sulaiman No. 9, Bedahan, Sawangan, Depok, from Friday 30
th
of November 2012 to Friday 7
th
of December 2012.
C. Subject of the Study
The subject of the study is the second grade students of SMK Taman Ilmu Depok that consists of three classes. There were 98 XI grade students
who studied at SMK Taman Ilmu Depok which was divided into three classes namely XI Administrasi Perkantoran consisted of 43 students, XI Tata Niaga
consists of 36 students, and XI Teknik Otomotif consists of 19 students. The technique of sampling used by the writer is Simple Random
Sampling because the population that the writer observed was homogeny students of the second year. The sample was taken randomly. From the
three classes, he only took 10 students from every class. 10 students from XI Administrasi Perkantoran, 10 students from XI Tata Niaga, and 10 students
from XI Teknik Otomotif. So, the total population that he took as sample is 30 students.
D. Instrument of the Research
To get the data in this research, the writer used three instruments that consisted of English test, observation, and interview to complete the data that
were needed for this study. The test was used to know what the errors faced by the students in
learning gerund. The test consists of 32 items. 8 items consist of gerund as subject of a sentence, 8 items consist of gerund as object of preposition, 8
items consist of gerund as direct object of certain verbs, and 8 items consist of gerund as the complement of a sentence. Those items are filling the blanks
and completing the sentence.
