the statement above, it means that the students are still confused in distinguishing the use of infinitive and gerund. 2 students from 15 students
say, “Saya sulit membedakan kegunaan gerund as object of preposition dan gerund as object of certain verbs I get difficulty in distinguishing the
use of gerund as object of preposition and gerund as object of certain verbs”. Besides, the other student says, “Saya sulit membedakan
penggunaan gerund dan participle dan mencari arti kata I get difficulty in distinguishing the use of gerund and participle and seeking word
meaning”. From this statement, it means that the students are also still confused in distinguishing the use of gerund and participle and looking for
word meaning.
B. Data Analysis
1. Description of Errors
After the writer got the students’ answer sheet, he identified to know the students’ errors. See Appendix 2 page 55, Appendix 3 page 81,
Appendix 4 page 107, and Appendix 5 page 140. Then the writer recapitulated the errors by counting the percentage of types of errors by
employing the following formula:
To make it easier to read, the writer presents it in the following table below:
f P =
X 100 n
Table 4.2. Percentage of Types of Errors
O = Omission; A = Addition; M-S = Misformation.
Item Number
Frequency of Error Total
Frequency of Error of Each
Number Percentage
O A
M-F
1 9
9 1.52
2 4
21 25
4.23 3
4 21
25 4.23
4 5
25 30
5.08 5
6 2
8 1.35
6 21
21 3.55
7 14
13 27
4.57 8
19 9
28 4.74
9 6
6 1.02
10 4
15 19
3.21 11
22 22
3.72 12
20 20
3.38 13
20 20
3.38 14
1 20
21 3.55
15 2
19 21
3.55 16
13 13
2.21 17
3 3
0.51 18
5 16
21 3.55
19 14
14 2.37
20 19
19 3.21
21 23
1 24
4.06 22
5 5
0.85 23
9 21
30 5.08
24 17
13 30
5.08 25
4 4
0.68 26
2 13
15 2.54
27 6
19 25
4.23 28
2 2
0.34 29
22 22
3.72 30
21 21
3.55 31
23 23
3.89 32
5 13
18 3.05
Sum 123
44 424
591 100.00
20.81 7.45
71.74
After the writer analyzed some errors, he counted the number of errors by tabulating and calculating the result of errors. He processed the
calculation of result of the test by changing the result of errors into percentage and classified it into kinds of uses of gerund.
a. Gerund as Subject of a Sentence
Table 4.3. Frequency of Errors in Gerund as Subject of a Sentence
No. Item Number
Frequency of Errors Percentage
1. 1
9 9.37
2. 5
8 8.33
3. 9
6 6.25
4. 13
20 20.83
5. 17
4 3.13
6. 21
24 25
7. 25
3 4.17
8. 29
22 22.92
Sum of Errors 96
100
Adapted from studen ts’ test item
In the table above, there were 9 students and 9 errors committed in item number 1 with 9.37, there were 8 students and 8 errors committed
in item number 5 with 8.33, there were 6 students and 6 errors committed in item number 9 with 6.25, there were 20 students and 20
errors committed in item number 13 with 20.83, there were 3 students and 3 errors committed in item number 17 with 3.13, there were 24
students and 24 errors committed in item number 21 with 25, there were 4 students and 4 errors committed in item number 25 with 4.17,
there were 22 students and 22 errors committed in item number 29 with 22.92.
