d. Gerund as the Complement of a Sentence
Table 4.6. Frequency of Errors in Gerund as the Complement of a Sentence
No. Item Number
Frequency of Errors Percentage
1. 4
30 18.75
2. 8
28 17.50
3. 12
20 12.50
4. 16
13 8.13
5. 20
19 11.87
6. 24
30 18.75
7. 28
2 1.25
8. 32
18 11.25
Sum of Errors 160
100
A dapted from students’ test item
From the table above, there were 30 students and 30 errors committed in item number 4 with 18.75, there were 28 students and 28 errors
committed in item number 8 with 17.50, there were 20 students and 20 errors committed in item number 12 with 12.50, there were 13 students
and 13 errors committed in item number 16 with 8.13, there were 19 students and 19 errors committed in item number 20 with 11.87, there
were 30 students and 30 errors committed in item number 24 with 18.75, there were 2 students and 2 errors committed in item number 28
with 1.25, there were 18 students and 18 errors committed in item number 32 with 11.25.
Every students was given 32 item numbers of test consists of gerund. It means there are 960 sentences collected from 30 students.
From the total sentences acquired by giving the students tests focused on gerund, the writer collected 591 errors. Based on the error
occurrences, the writer classified the errors that occurred into some categories as follow:
a. Omission
Omission error occurs when the learner omitted a necessary element of word. There are 123 occurrence or 20.81
of all errors occurring in the students’ answer sheets. Omission errors fell both in the
substance and in the grammar level. Most students committed errors by omitting a letter which must exist within a morpheme. For examples:
Swiming in the winter can boost your immune system. Committed
by students 1, 2, 3
We went runing in the morning. Committed by students 4, 8, 9 I am used to joging in the morning. Committed by students 13, 14,
15
Her bad habit is forgeting herself in her duty. Committed by
students 25, 28, 29, 30 Suggested correction
Swimming in the winter can boost your immune system. We went running in the morning.
I am used to jogging in the morning. Her bad habit is forgetting herself in her duty.
From the example above, the students committed an important letter which should exist within a morpheme. They omitted double
consonant before adding –ing for a words which have vowel before
ending by consonant.
b. Addition
Addition errors occur when the students presented an unnecessary element to their sentences. In this research, the writer found 44
occurrence or 7.45 of all errors occurring in the students’ answer sheets. In this research, the writer found that the most cause of doing
addition errors is adding –ing with words that ended by “e” letter
without removing it where learner failed to delete certain item which is needed in some linguistics item but not for others. For examples:
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