b. Ignorance of Rule Restrictions
Closely related to the generalization of deviant structures is failure to observe the restrictions of existing structures, that is, the application
of rules to contexts where they do not apply. This is a type of generalization or transfer, since the learner is making use of a
previously acquired rule in a new situation. Some rule restriction errors may be accounted for in terms of analogy; other instances may result
from the rote learning of rules. For example:
Travels might satisfy your desire for new experiences. Committed
by students: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
Selles a drug is illegal. Committed by students 2, 3, 4 He denied to take the car. Committed by students 17, 19, 26
From the example above, the students committed errors by adding “ses” and “to” without paying attention towards the rule which
discussed about the “-ing” form or gerund. It should be “travelingtraveling”, “selling”, and “taking”.
c. Incomplete Application of Rules
Incomplete application of rule covers students’ failure to apply rule
completely. For example: Swiming in the winter can boost your immune system. Committed
by students: 1, 2, 3
We went runing in the morning. Committed by students 4, 8, 9 I am used to joging in the morning. Committed by students 13, 14,
15
Her bad habit is forgeting herself in her duty. Committed by
students 25, 28, 29, 30 The examples above showed that some students committed errors
by omitting necessary morpheme and element because they did not apply the rule completely. They should use double consonant before
adding “-ing” because the rule for this is if there is a verb with one
vowel followed by one consonant and the last syllable of a longer verb is stressed, it must be double final consonant before adding”-ing”. It
should be “swimming”, “running”, “jogging”, and “forgetting”.
2. Evaluation of Errors
To sum up the procedure of Error Analysis, the writer would like to evaluate error gravity based on the sources of error.
This research is to know the error which student made in using gerund. Besides, by doing this research, it can measure the students’ ability in
understanding grammatical structures. Even though grammatical structure is not really important in communication, but it will be used when the
students make some kind of writing. Interlingual error can be a serious problem since it is the influence of
mother tongue. Therefore, students should be able to understand the different sentence both in two languages.
Over-generalization will be a serious problem if they cannot recognize gerund form and its uses. They also have to understand
the way to make “- ing” form correctly so they will not commit error in this area. Ignoring the
rule of misformation of “-ing” form should be considered as a crucial thing
because it will commit error in the word form. Omitting element or morpheme in word could also be a serious problem. Therefore, in case of
incomplete app lication rule omitting “consonant” the students have to
understand the rule of “-ing” because different word has different rule.
C. Data Interpretation
This step is to interpret the findings based on the analyzed data. The following table below showed the percentage of error in learning gerund.
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