The observation was used to to observe the teaching learning process that was conducted by the English teacher in the classroom and also to know
the book which was used during the classroom activity. This interview was used to know the difficulties faced by students in
learning gerund.
E. Technique of Data Collecting
In completing the data, the writer used some techniques of data collecting such as:
1. English Test
In this technique, the writer gave the test about gerund that is aimed to know the students’ achievement after learning it and also to know their
errors in making or combining the sentences about gerund.
2. Observation
The writer came into the classroom as an observer to see teacher’s
method in explaining gerund and to know the book which was used during the classroom activity.
3. Interview
The data of this study was also collected by using interview technique. This technique is used to add the data needed which were not
covered by test, such as the causes of students’ errors in learning gerund.
Therefore, this interview was also used to convince the researcher about the data gained through other techniques.
F. Technique of Data Analysis
The writer followed some steps of error analysis which were adopted from Corder.
2
Firstly, the writer collected the data by doing observation, doing interviews and giving test to the sample of his study. Furthermore, the data
which derived from observation and interviews were used as supporting data
2
Rod Ellis, The Study of Second Language Acquisition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994, p. 48.
to answer the research questions. Meanwhile, the primary data to answer the research questions, he used data from the test. Secondly, he analyzed the data.
Next, he described the errors including classifying them into the types of errors, which were presented it in the tables.
To fin d out the effectiveness of error analysis of students’ ability in
learning gerund, the writer used distribution frequency relative or descriptive analysis technique percentage formula. This was adopted from Allan G.
Bluman and described in the table percentage. In the table percentage the writer used the formula:
P = Percentage f = Frequency of each error type
n = Sum of the errors
3
The next step is, explained the errors. In this step, the writer explained why errors occured by classifying them into the sources causes of errors, which he
adopted from Jack C. Richard, and then he evaluated the errors. To evaluate it, he used comparative taxonomy to measure the effect of those errors in grammatical
structure and writing aspect. Finally, by looking up the result of the analysis, he drew some conclusions.
3
Allan G. Bluman, Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach, 5
th
edition, New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004, p. 68.
f P =
X 100 n
