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2. Methods of Assessments
According to Chatterji 2003, there are five different assessment methods that focus on the nature of the responses made by test-takers namely
written assessment, behavior-based assessment, product-based assessment, interview-based assessment, and portfolio-based assessment.
a. Written Assessments
Written assessment includes all assessments to which test-takers respond using a paper and pencil format or, as is common today, on a computer using a
word processor. The response of this assessment can be in the form of structured or open-ended response.
b. Behavior-Based Assessments
This method requires the students to perform behaviors or processes that must be observed directly. The special feature of assessment in this category is
that actual behaviors, performances, and demonstrations must be assessed as they are occurring.
c. Product-based Assessments
In this method, the students have to create or construct a product. This product serves as the basis for measurement. The examples of product-based
assessments are journals, terms papers, laboratory reports, books, or artwork.
d. Interview-based Assessments
In the interview-based assessment, the students will make spoken responses in an interview situation. The assessment is dependent on the oral
responses of the respondents. It is usually open-ended. Interviews provide a means
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
20 for the respondents to explain responses given in written or other formats. In
validity perspective, it is advantageous because reasoning and explanation skills are in the domain.
e. Portfolio-based Assessments
Portfolio-based assessment provides a comprehensive picture of proficiencies the students made. It is often promoted as the best means for
comprehensive documentation of evolving skills and knowledge in a particular area. According to Arter and Spandel 1992, p. 36,
a portfolio is a purposeful collection of student work that tells the story of a student’s efforts, progress, or achievement in a given areas. This
collection must include student participation in selection of portfolio contents; the guidelines for selection; the criteria for judging merit; and
evidence of student self-reflection.
3. Principles of Language Assessment
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